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			80 lines
		
	
	
		
			2.0 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Java
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			80 lines
		
	
	
		
			2.0 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Java
		
	
	
	
	
	
/**
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 * File: recursion.java
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 * Created Time: 2023-08-24
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 * Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
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 */
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package chapter_computational_complexity;
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import java.util.Stack;
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public class recursion {
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    /* 递归 */
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    static int recur(int n) {
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        // 终止条件
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        if (n == 1)
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            return 1;
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        // 递:递归调用
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        int res = recur(n - 1);
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        // 归:返回结果
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        return n + res;
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    }
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    /* 使用迭代模拟递归 */
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    static int forLoopRecur(int n) {
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        // 使用一个显式的栈来模拟系统调用栈
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        Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();
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        int res = 0;
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        // 递:递归调用
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        for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {
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            // 通过“入栈操作”模拟“递”
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            stack.push(i);
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        }
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        // 归:返回结果
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        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
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            // 通过“出栈操作”模拟“归”
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            res += stack.pop();
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        }
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        // res = 1+2+3+...+n
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        return res;
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    }
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    /* 尾递归 */
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    static int tailRecur(int n, int res) {
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        // 终止条件
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        if (n == 0)
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            return res;
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        // 尾递归调用
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        return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);
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    }
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    /* 斐波那契数列:递归 */
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    static int fib(int n) {
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        // 终止条件 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1
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        if (n == 1 || n == 2)
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            return n - 1;
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        // 递归调用 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)
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        int res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
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        // 返回结果 f(n)
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        return res;
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    }
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    /* Driver Code */
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    public static void main(String[] args) {
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        int n = 5;
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        int res;
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        res = recur(n);
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        System.out.println("\n递归函数的求和结果 res = " + res);
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        res = forLoopRecur(n);
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        System.out.println("\n使用迭代模拟递归求和结果 res = " + res);
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        res = tailRecur(n, 0);
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        System.out.println("\n尾递归函数的求和结果 res = " + res);
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        res = fib(n);
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        System.out.println("\n斐波那契数列的第 " + n + " 项为 " + res);
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    }
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}
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