feat: add ruby code - chapter stack and queue (#1230)

codes/ruby/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_stack.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+=begin
+File: array_stack.rb
+Created Time: 2024-04-06
+Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
+=end
+
+### 基于数组实现的栈 ###
+class ArrayStack
+  ### 构造方法 ###
+  def initialize
+    @stack = []
+  end
+
+  ### 获取栈的长度 ###
+  def size
+    @stack.length
+  end
+
+  ### 判断栈是否为空 ###
+  def is_empty?
+    @stack.empty?
+  end
+
+  ### 入栈 ###
+  def push(item)
+    @stack << item
+  end
+
+  ### 出栈 ###
+  def pop
+    raise IndexError, '栈为空' if is_empty?
+
+    @stack.pop
+  end
+
+  ### 访问栈顶元素 ###
+  def peek
+    raise IndexError, '栈为空' if is_empty?
+
+    @stack.last
+  end
+
+  ### 返回列表用于打印 ###
+  def to_array
+    @stack
+  end
+end
+
+### Driver Code ###
+
+# 初始化栈
+stack = ArrayStack.new
+
+# 元素入栈
+stack.push(1)
+stack.push(3)
+stack.push(2)
+stack.push(5)
+stack.push(4)
+puts "栈 stack = #{stack.to_array}"
+
+# 访问栈顶元素
+peek = stack.peek
+puts "栈顶元素 peek = #{peek}"
+
+# 元素出栈
+pop = stack.pop
+puts "出栈元素 pop = #{pop}"
+puts "出栈后 stack = #{stack.to_array}"
+
+# 获取栈的长度
+size = stack.size
+puts "栈的长度 size = #{size}"
+
+# 判断是否为空
+is_empty = stack.is_empty?
+puts "栈是否为空 = #{is_empty}"