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	feat: Add Ruby code - chapter "Hashing" (#1276)
* feat: add ruby code - chapter hashing * feat: add ruby code blocks - chapter hashing * fix: comments
This commit is contained in:
		
							
								
								
									
										121
									
								
								codes/ruby/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.rb
									
									
									
									
									
										Normal file
									
								
							
							
						
						
									
										121
									
								
								codes/ruby/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.rb
									
									
									
									
									
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							@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
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=begin
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File: array_hash_map.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-13
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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### 键值对 ###
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class Pair
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  attr_accessor :key, :val
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  def initialize(key, val)
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    @key = key
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    @val = val
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  end
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end
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### 基于数组实现的哈希表 ###
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class ArrayHashMap
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  ### 构造方法 ###
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  def initialize
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    # 初始化数组,包含 100 个桶
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    @buckets = Array.new(100)
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  end
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		||||
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		||||
  ### 哈希函数 ###
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		||||
  def hash_func(key)
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    index = key % 100
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  end
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		||||
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		||||
  ### 查询操作 ###
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  def get(key)
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    index = hash_func(key)
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    pair = @buckets[index]
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    return if pair.nil?
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    pair.val
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  end
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		||||
  ### 添加操作 ###
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  def put(key, val)
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    pair = Pair.new(key, val)
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    index = hash_func(key)
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    @buckets[index] = pair
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  end
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		||||
  ### 删除操作 ###
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  def remove(key)
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    index = hash_func(key)
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    # 置为 nil ,代表删除
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    @buckets[index] = nil
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  end
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		||||
  ### 获取所有键值对 ###
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  def entry_set
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    result = []
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    @buckets.each { |pair| result << pair unless pair.nil? }
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    result
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  end
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  ### 获取所有键 ###
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  def key_set
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    result = []
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    @buckets.each { |pair| result << pair.key unless pair.nil? }
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    result
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  end
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  ### 获取所有值 ###
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  def value_set
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    result = []
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    @buckets.each { |pair| result << pair.val unless pair.nil? }
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    result
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  end
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  ### 打印哈希表 ###
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  def print
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    @buckets.each { |pair| puts "#{pair.key} -> #{pair.val}" unless pair.nil? }
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  end
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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  # 初始化哈希表
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  hmap = ArrayHashMap.new
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  # 添加操作
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  # 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
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  hmap.put(12836, "小哈")
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  hmap.put(15937, "小啰")
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  hmap.put(16750, "小算")
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  hmap.put(13276, "小法")
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  hmap.put(10583, "小鸭")
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  puts "\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"
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  hmap.print
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  # 查询操作
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  # 向哈希表中输入键 key , 得到值 value
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  name = hmap.get(15937)
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  puts "\n输入学号 15937 ,查询到姓名 #{name}"
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  # 删除操作
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  # 在哈希表中删除值对 (key, value)
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  hmap.remove(10583)
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  puts "\n删除 10583 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"
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  hmap.print
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  # 遍历哈希表
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  puts "\n遍历键值对 Key->Value"
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  for pair in hmap.entry_set
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    puts "#{pair.key} -> #{pair.val}"
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  end
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  puts "\n单独篇遍历键 Key"
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  for key in hmap.key_set
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    puts key
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  end
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  puts "\n单独遍历值 Value"
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  for val in hmap.value_set
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    puts val
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  end
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end
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										34
									
								
								codes/ruby/chapter_hashing/built_in_hash.rb
									
									
									
									
									
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										34
									
								
								codes/ruby/chapter_hashing/built_in_hash.rb
									
									
									
									
									
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							@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
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=begin
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File: built_in_hash.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-13
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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require_relative '../utils/list_node'
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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  num = 3
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  hash_num = num.hash
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  puts "整数 #{num} 的哈希值为 #{hash_num}"
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  bol = true
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  hash_bol = bol.hash
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  puts "布尔量 #{bol} 的哈希值为 #{hash_bol}"
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  dec = 3.14159
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  hash_dec = dec.hash
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  puts "小数 #{dec} 的哈希值为 #{hash_dec}"
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  str = "Hello 算法"
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  hash_str = str.hash
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  puts "字符串 #{str} 的哈希值为 #{hash_str}"
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  tup = [12836, '小哈']
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  hash_tup = tup.hash
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  puts "元组 #{tup} 的哈希值为 #{hash_tup}"
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  obj = ListNode.new(0)
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  hash_obj = obj.hash
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  puts "节点对象 #{obj} 的哈希值为 #{hash_obj}"
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end
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										44
									
								
								codes/ruby/chapter_hashing/hash_map.rb
									
									
									
									
									
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										44
									
								
								codes/ruby/chapter_hashing/hash_map.rb
									
									
									
									
									
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							@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
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=begin
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File: hash_map.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-14
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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require_relative '../utils/print_util'
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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  # 初始化哈希表
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  hmap = {}
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  # 添加操作
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  # 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
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  hmap[12836] = "小哈"
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  hmap[15937] = "小啰"
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  hmap[16750] = "小算"
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  hmap[13276] = "小法"
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  hmap[10583] = "小鸭"
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  puts "\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"
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  print_hash_map(hmap)
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  # 查询操作
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  # 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 value
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  name = hmap[15937]
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  puts "\n输入学号 15937 ,查询到姓名 #{name}"
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  # 删除操作
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  # 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
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  hmap.delete(10583)
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  puts "\n删除 10583 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"
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  print_hash_map(hmap)
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  # 遍历哈希表
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  puts "\n遍历键值对 Key->Value"
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  hmap.entries.each { |key, value| puts "#{key} -> #{value}" }
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  puts "\n单独遍历键 Key"
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  hmap.keys.each { |key| puts key }
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  puts "\n单独遍历值 Value"
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  hmap.values.each { |val| puts val }
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end
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										128
									
								
								codes/ruby/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.rb
									
									
									
									
									
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										128
									
								
								codes/ruby/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.rb
									
									
									
									
									
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							@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
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=begin
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File: hash_map_chaining.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-13
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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require_relative './array_hash_map'
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### 键式地址哈希表 ###
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class HashMapChaining
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  ### 构造方法 ###
 | 
			
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  def initialize
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    @size = 0 # 键值对数量
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    @capacity = 4 # 哈希表容量
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    @load_thres = 2.0 / 3.0 # 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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    @extend_ratio = 2 # 扩容倍数
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    @buckets = Array.new(@capacity) { [] } # 桶数组
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  end
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  ### 哈希函数 ###
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		||||
  def hash_func(key)
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		||||
    key % @capacity
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  end
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		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 负载因子 ###
 | 
			
		||||
  def load_factor
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		||||
    @size / @capacity
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		||||
  end
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		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 查询操作 ###
 | 
			
		||||
  def get(key)
 | 
			
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    index = hash_func(key)
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    bucket = @buckets[index]
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    # 遍历桶,若找到 key ,则返回对应 val
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    for pair in bucket
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      return pair.val if pair.key == key
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    end
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		||||
    # 若未找到 key , 则返回 nil
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		||||
    nil
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		||||
  end
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		||||
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		||||
  ### 添加操作 ###
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		||||
  def put(key, val)
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		||||
    # 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
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    extend if load_factor > @load_thres
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		||||
    index = hash_func(key)
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		||||
    bucket = @buckets[index]
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		||||
    # 遍历桶,若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val 并返回
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		||||
    for pair in bucket
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		||||
      if pair.key == key
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		||||
        pair.val = val
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		||||
        return
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		||||
      end
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		||||
    end
 | 
			
		||||
    # 若无该 key ,则将键值对添加至尾部
 | 
			
		||||
    pair = Pair.new(key, val)
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		||||
    bucket << pair
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		||||
    @size += 1
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		||||
  end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 删除操作 ###
 | 
			
		||||
  def remove(key)
 | 
			
		||||
    index = hash_func(key)
 | 
			
		||||
    bucket = @buckets[index]
 | 
			
		||||
    # 遍历桶,从中删除键值对
 | 
			
		||||
    for pair in bucket
 | 
			
		||||
      if pair.key == key
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		||||
        bucket.delete(pair)
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		||||
        @size -= 1
 | 
			
		||||
        break
 | 
			
		||||
      end
 | 
			
		||||
    end
 | 
			
		||||
  end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 扩容哈希表 ###
 | 
			
		||||
  def extend
 | 
			
		||||
    # 暫存原哈希表
 | 
			
		||||
    buckets = @buckets
 | 
			
		||||
    # 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
 | 
			
		||||
    @capacity *= @extend_ratio
 | 
			
		||||
    @buckets = Array.new(@capacity) { [] }
 | 
			
		||||
    @size = 0
 | 
			
		||||
    # 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
 | 
			
		||||
    for bucket in buckets
 | 
			
		||||
      for pair in bucket
 | 
			
		||||
        put(pair.key, pair.val)
 | 
			
		||||
      end
 | 
			
		||||
    end
 | 
			
		||||
  end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 打印哈希表 ###
 | 
			
		||||
  def print
 | 
			
		||||
    for bucket in @buckets
 | 
			
		||||
      res = []
 | 
			
		||||
      for pair in bucket
 | 
			
		||||
        res << "#{pair.key} -> #{pair.val}"
 | 
			
		||||
      end
 | 
			
		||||
      pp res
 | 
			
		||||
    end
 | 
			
		||||
  end
 | 
			
		||||
end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### Driver Code ###
 | 
			
		||||
if __FILE__ == $0
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 初始化哈希表
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap = HashMapChaining.new
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  # 添加操作
 | 
			
		||||
  # 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.put(12836, "小哈")
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.put(15937, "小啰")
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.put(16750, "小算")
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.put(13276, "小法")
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.put(10583, "小鸭")
 | 
			
		||||
  puts "\n添加完成后,哈希表为\n[Key1 -> Value1, Key2 -> Value2, ...]"
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.print
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  # 查询操作
 | 
			
		||||
  # 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 value
 | 
			
		||||
  name = hashmap.get(13276)
 | 
			
		||||
  puts "\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 #{name}"
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  # 删除操作
 | 
			
		||||
  # 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.remove(12836)
 | 
			
		||||
  puts "\n删除 12836 后,哈希表为\n[Key1 -> Value1, Key2 -> Value2, ...]"
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.print
 | 
			
		||||
end
 | 
			
		||||
							
								
								
									
										147
									
								
								codes/ruby/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.rb
									
									
									
									
									
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										147
									
								
								codes/ruby/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.rb
									
									
									
									
									
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							@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
 | 
			
		||||
=begin
 | 
			
		||||
File: hash_map_open_addressing.rb
 | 
			
		||||
Created Time: 2024-04-13
 | 
			
		||||
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
 | 
			
		||||
=end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
require_relative './array_hash_map'
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 开放寻址哈希表 ###
 | 
			
		||||
class HashMapOpenAddressing
 | 
			
		||||
  TOMBSTONE = Pair.new(-1, '-1') # 删除标记
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 构造方法 ###
 | 
			
		||||
  def initialize
 | 
			
		||||
    @size = 0 # 键值对数量
 | 
			
		||||
    @capacity = 4 # 哈希表容量
 | 
			
		||||
    @load_thres = 2.0 / 3.0 # 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
 | 
			
		||||
    @extend_ratio = 2 # 扩容倍数
 | 
			
		||||
    @buckets = Array.new(@capacity) # 桶数组
 | 
			
		||||
  end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 哈希函数 ###
 | 
			
		||||
  def hash_func(key)
 | 
			
		||||
    key % @capacity
 | 
			
		||||
  end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 负载因子 ###
 | 
			
		||||
  def load_factor
 | 
			
		||||
    @size / @capacity
 | 
			
		||||
  end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 ###
 | 
			
		||||
  def find_bucket(key)
 | 
			
		||||
    index = hash_func(key)
 | 
			
		||||
    first_tombstone = -1
 | 
			
		||||
    # 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
 | 
			
		||||
    while !@buckets[index].nil?
 | 
			
		||||
      # 若遇到 key ,返回对应的桶索引
 | 
			
		||||
      if @buckets[index].key == key
 | 
			
		||||
        # 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引处
 | 
			
		||||
        if first_tombstone != -1
 | 
			
		||||
          @buckets[first_tombstone] = @buckets[index]
 | 
			
		||||
          @buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
 | 
			
		||||
          return first_tombstone # 返回移动后的桶索引
 | 
			
		||||
        end
 | 
			
		||||
        return index # 返回桶索引
 | 
			
		||||
      end
 | 
			
		||||
      # 记录遇到的首个删除标记
 | 
			
		||||
      first_tombstone = index if first_tombstone == -1 && @buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE
 | 
			
		||||
      # 计算桶索引,越过尾部则返回头部
 | 
			
		||||
      index = (index + 1) % @capacity
 | 
			
		||||
    end
 | 
			
		||||
    # 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
 | 
			
		||||
    first_tombstone == -1 ? index : first_tombstone
 | 
			
		||||
  end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 查询操作 ###
 | 
			
		||||
  def get(key)
 | 
			
		||||
    # 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
 | 
			
		||||
    index = find_bucket(key)
 | 
			
		||||
    # 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
 | 
			
		||||
    return @buckets[index].val unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
 | 
			
		||||
    # 若键值对不存在,则返回 nil
 | 
			
		||||
    nil
 | 
			
		||||
  end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 添加操作 ###
 | 
			
		||||
  def put(key, val)
 | 
			
		||||
    # 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
 | 
			
		||||
    extend if load_factor > @load_thres
 | 
			
		||||
    # 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
 | 
			
		||||
    index = find_bucket(key)
 | 
			
		||||
    # 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 开返回
 | 
			
		||||
    unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
 | 
			
		||||
      @buckets[index].val = val
 | 
			
		||||
      return
 | 
			
		||||
    end
 | 
			
		||||
    # 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
 | 
			
		||||
    @buckets[index] = Pair.new(key, val)
 | 
			
		||||
    @size += 1
 | 
			
		||||
  end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 删除操作 ###
 | 
			
		||||
  def remove(key)
 | 
			
		||||
    # 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
 | 
			
		||||
    index = find_bucket(key)
 | 
			
		||||
    # 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
 | 
			
		||||
    unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
 | 
			
		||||
      @buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
 | 
			
		||||
      @size -= 1
 | 
			
		||||
    end
 | 
			
		||||
  end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 扩容哈希表 ###
 | 
			
		||||
  def extend
 | 
			
		||||
    # 暂存原哈希表
 | 
			
		||||
    buckets_tmp = @buckets
 | 
			
		||||
    # 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
 | 
			
		||||
    @capacity *= @extend_ratio
 | 
			
		||||
    @buckets = Array.new(@capacity)
 | 
			
		||||
    @size = 0
 | 
			
		||||
    # 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
 | 
			
		||||
    for pair in buckets_tmp
 | 
			
		||||
      put(pair.key, pair.val) unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(pair)
 | 
			
		||||
    end
 | 
			
		||||
  end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  ### 打印哈希表 ###
 | 
			
		||||
  def print
 | 
			
		||||
    for pair in @buckets
 | 
			
		||||
      if pair.nil?
 | 
			
		||||
        puts "Nil"
 | 
			
		||||
      elsif pair == TOMBSTONE
 | 
			
		||||
        puts "TOMBSTONE"
 | 
			
		||||
      else
 | 
			
		||||
        puts "#{pair.key} -> #{pair.val}"
 | 
			
		||||
      end
 | 
			
		||||
    end
 | 
			
		||||
  end
 | 
			
		||||
end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### Driver Code ###
 | 
			
		||||
if __FILE__ == $0
 | 
			
		||||
  # 初始化哈希表
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap = HashMapOpenAddressing.new
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  # 添加操作
 | 
			
		||||
  # 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, val)
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.put(12836, "小哈")
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.put(15937, "小啰")
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.put(16750, "小算")
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.put(13276, "小法")
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.put(10583, "小鸭")
 | 
			
		||||
  puts "\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.print
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  # 查询操作
 | 
			
		||||
  # 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 val
 | 
			
		||||
  name = hashmap.get(13276)
 | 
			
		||||
  puts "\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 #{name}"
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  # 删除操作
 | 
			
		||||
  # 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, val)
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.remove(16750)
 | 
			
		||||
  puts "\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"
 | 
			
		||||
  hashmap.print
 | 
			
		||||
end
 | 
			
		||||
							
								
								
									
										62
									
								
								codes/ruby/chapter_hashing/simple_hash.rb
									
									
									
									
									
										Normal file
									
								
							
							
						
						
									
										62
									
								
								codes/ruby/chapter_hashing/simple_hash.rb
									
									
									
									
									
										Normal file
									
								
							@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
 | 
			
		||||
=begin
 | 
			
		||||
File: simple_hash.rb
 | 
			
		||||
Created Time: 2024-04-14
 | 
			
		||||
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
 | 
			
		||||
=end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 加法哈希 ###
 | 
			
		||||
def add_hash(key)
 | 
			
		||||
  hash = 0
 | 
			
		||||
  modulus = 1_000_000_007
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  key.each_char { |c| hash += c.ord }
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  hash % modulus
 | 
			
		||||
end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 乘法哈希 ###
 | 
			
		||||
def mul_hash(key)
 | 
			
		||||
  hash = 0
 | 
			
		||||
  modulus = 1_000_000_007
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  key.each_char { |c| hash = 31 * hash + c.ord }
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  hash % modulus
 | 
			
		||||
end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 异或哈希 ###
 | 
			
		||||
def xor_hash(key)
 | 
			
		||||
  hash = 0
 | 
			
		||||
  modulus = 1_000_000_007
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  key.each_char { |c| hash ^= c.ord }
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  hash % modulus
 | 
			
		||||
end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 旋转哈希 ###
 | 
			
		||||
def rot_hash(key)
 | 
			
		||||
  hash = 0
 | 
			
		||||
  modulus = 1_000_000_007
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  key.each_char { |c| hash = (hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ c.ord }
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  hash % modulus
 | 
			
		||||
end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### Driver Code ###
 | 
			
		||||
if __FILE__ == $0
 | 
			
		||||
  key = "Hello 算法"
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  hash = add_hash(key)
 | 
			
		||||
  puts "加法哈希值为 #{hash}"
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  hash = mul_hash(key)
 | 
			
		||||
  puts "乘法哈希值为 #{hash}"
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  hash = xor_hash(key)
 | 
			
		||||
  puts "异或哈希值为 #{hash}"
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  hash = rot_hash(key)
 | 
			
		||||
  puts "旋转哈希值为 #{hash}"
 | 
			
		||||
end
 | 
			
		||||
@ -56,3 +56,8 @@ def print_tree(root, prev=nil, is_right=false)
 | 
			
		||||
  trunk.str = "   |"
 | 
			
		||||
  print_tree(root.left, trunk, false)
 | 
			
		||||
end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 打印哈希表 ###
 | 
			
		||||
def print_hash_map(hmap)
 | 
			
		||||
  hmap.entries.each { |key, value| puts "#{key} -> #{value}" }
 | 
			
		||||
end
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ $$
 | 
			
		||||
    ```rust title="built_in_hash.rs"
 | 
			
		||||
    use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
 | 
			
		||||
    use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    let num = 3;
 | 
			
		||||
    let mut num_hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
 | 
			
		||||
    num.hash(&mut num_hasher);
 | 
			
		||||
@ -374,7 +374,29 @@ $$
 | 
			
		||||
=== "Ruby"
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    ```ruby title="built_in_hash.rb"
 | 
			
		||||
    num = 3
 | 
			
		||||
    hash_num = num.hash
 | 
			
		||||
    # 整数 3 的哈希值为 -4385856518450339636
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    bol = true
 | 
			
		||||
    hash_bol = bol.hash
 | 
			
		||||
    # 布尔量 true 的哈希值为 -1617938112149317027
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    dec = 3.14159
 | 
			
		||||
    hash_dec = dec.hash
 | 
			
		||||
    # 小数 3.14159 的哈希值为 -1479186995943067893
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    str = "Hello 算法"
 | 
			
		||||
    hash_str = str.hash
 | 
			
		||||
    # 字符串“Hello 算法”的哈希值为 -4075943250025831763
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    tup = [12836, '小哈']
 | 
			
		||||
    hash_tup = tup.hash
 | 
			
		||||
    # 元组 (12836, '小哈') 的哈希值为 1999544809202288822
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    obj = ListNode.new(0)
 | 
			
		||||
    hash_obj = obj.hash
 | 
			
		||||
    # 节点对象 #<ListNode:0x000078133140ab70> 的哈希值为 4302940560806366381
 | 
			
		||||
    ```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
=== "Zig"
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 | 
			
		||||
    ```python title="hash_map.py"
 | 
			
		||||
    # 初始化哈希表
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap: dict = {}
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    # 添加操作
 | 
			
		||||
    # 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap[12836] = "小哈"
 | 
			
		||||
@ -39,11 +39,11 @@
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap[16750] = "小算"
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap[13276] = "小法"
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap[10583] = "小鸭"
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    # 查询操作
 | 
			
		||||
    # 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 value
 | 
			
		||||
    name: str = hmap[15937]
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    # 删除操作
 | 
			
		||||
    # 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap.pop(10583)
 | 
			
		||||
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 | 
			
		||||
    ```cpp title="hash_map.cpp"
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 初始化哈希表 */
 | 
			
		||||
    unordered_map<int, string> map;
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 添加操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    map[12836] = "小哈";
 | 
			
		||||
@ -62,11 +62,11 @@
 | 
			
		||||
    map[16750] = "小算";
 | 
			
		||||
    map[13276] = "小法";
 | 
			
		||||
    map[10583] = "小鸭";
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 查询操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 value
 | 
			
		||||
    string name = map[15937];
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 删除操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    map.erase(10583);
 | 
			
		||||
@ -77,19 +77,19 @@
 | 
			
		||||
    ```java title="hash_map.java"
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 初始化哈希表 */
 | 
			
		||||
    Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<>();
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 添加操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    map.put(12836, "小哈");   
 | 
			
		||||
    map.put(15937, "小啰");   
 | 
			
		||||
    map.put(16750, "小算");   
 | 
			
		||||
    map.put(12836, "小哈");
 | 
			
		||||
    map.put(15937, "小啰");
 | 
			
		||||
    map.put(16750, "小算");
 | 
			
		||||
    map.put(13276, "小法");
 | 
			
		||||
    map.put(10583, "小鸭");
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 查询操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 value
 | 
			
		||||
    String name = map.get(15937);
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 删除操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    map.remove(10583);
 | 
			
		||||
@ -108,11 +108,11 @@
 | 
			
		||||
        { 13276, "小法" },
 | 
			
		||||
        { 10583, "小鸭" }
 | 
			
		||||
    };
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 查询操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 value
 | 
			
		||||
    string name = map[15937];
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 删除操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    map.Remove(10583);
 | 
			
		||||
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
 | 
			
		||||
    ```go title="hash_map_test.go"
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 初始化哈希表 */
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap := make(map[int]string)
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 添加操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap[12836] = "小哈"
 | 
			
		||||
@ -131,11 +131,11 @@
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap[16750] = "小算"
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap[13276] = "小法"
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap[10583] = "小鸭"
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 查询操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 value
 | 
			
		||||
    name := hmap[15937]
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 删除操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    delete(hmap, 10583)
 | 
			
		||||
@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
 | 
			
		||||
    ```swift title="hash_map.swift"
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 初始化哈希表 */
 | 
			
		||||
    var map: [Int: String] = [:]
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 添加操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    map[12836] = "小哈"
 | 
			
		||||
@ -154,11 +154,11 @@
 | 
			
		||||
    map[16750] = "小算"
 | 
			
		||||
    map[13276] = "小法"
 | 
			
		||||
    map[10583] = "小鸭"
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 查询操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 value
 | 
			
		||||
    let name = map[15937]!
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 删除操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    map.removeValue(forKey: 10583)
 | 
			
		||||
@ -176,11 +176,11 @@
 | 
			
		||||
    map.set(16750, '小算');
 | 
			
		||||
    map.set(13276, '小法');
 | 
			
		||||
    map.set(10583, '小鸭');
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 查询操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 value
 | 
			
		||||
    let name = map.get(15937);
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 删除操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    map.delete(10583);
 | 
			
		||||
@ -200,12 +200,12 @@
 | 
			
		||||
    map.set(10583, '小鸭');
 | 
			
		||||
    console.info('\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value');
 | 
			
		||||
    console.info(map);
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 查询操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 value
 | 
			
		||||
    let name = map.get(15937);
 | 
			
		||||
    console.info('\n输入学号 15937 ,查询到姓名 ' + name);
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 删除操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    map.delete(10583);
 | 
			
		||||
@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    ```rust title="hash_map.rs"
 | 
			
		||||
    use std::collections::HashMap;
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 初始化哈希表 */
 | 
			
		||||
    let mut map: HashMap<i32, String> = HashMap::new();
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
@ -272,7 +272,7 @@
 | 
			
		||||
    ```kotlin title="hash_map.kt"
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 初始化哈希表 */
 | 
			
		||||
    val map = HashMap<Int,String>()
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 添加操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    map[12836] = "小哈"
 | 
			
		||||
@ -280,11 +280,11 @@
 | 
			
		||||
    map[16750] = "小算"
 | 
			
		||||
    map[13276] = "小法"
 | 
			
		||||
    map[10583] = "小鸭"
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 查询操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 value
 | 
			
		||||
    val name = map[15937]
 | 
			
		||||
    
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    /* 删除操作 */
 | 
			
		||||
    // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    map.remove(10583)
 | 
			
		||||
@ -293,7 +293,24 @@
 | 
			
		||||
=== "Ruby"
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    ```ruby title="hash_map.rb"
 | 
			
		||||
    # 初始化哈希表
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap = {}
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    # 添加操作
 | 
			
		||||
    # 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap[12836] = "小哈"
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap[15937] = "小啰"
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap[16750] = "小算"
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap[13276] = "小法"
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap[10583] = "小鸭"
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    # 查询操作
 | 
			
		||||
    # 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 value
 | 
			
		||||
    name = hmap[15937]
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    # 删除操作
 | 
			
		||||
    # 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap.delete(10583)
 | 
			
		||||
    ```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
=== "Zig"
 | 
			
		||||
@ -476,7 +493,7 @@
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    // 单独遍历键 Key
 | 
			
		||||
    for key in map.keys() {
 | 
			
		||||
        println!("{key}"); 
 | 
			
		||||
        println!("{key}");
 | 
			
		||||
    }
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    // 单独遍历值 Value
 | 
			
		||||
@ -512,7 +529,15 @@
 | 
			
		||||
=== "Ruby"
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    ```ruby title="hash_map.rb"
 | 
			
		||||
    # 遍历哈希表
 | 
			
		||||
    # 遍历键值对 key->value
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap.entries.each { |key, value| puts "#{key} -> #{value}" }
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    # 单独遍历键 key
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap.keys.each { |key| puts key }
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    # 单独遍历值 value
 | 
			
		||||
    hmap.values.each { |val| puts val }
 | 
			
		||||
    ```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
=== "Zig"
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
		Reference in New Issue
	
	Block a user