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	feat(csharp): add csharp code for charper greedy (#645)
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										54
									
								
								codes/csharp/chapter_greedy/coin_change_greedy.cs
									
									
									
									
									
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								codes/csharp/chapter_greedy/coin_change_greedy.cs
									
									
									
									
									
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/**
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* File: coin_change_greedy.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-21
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_greedy;
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public class coin_change_greedy {
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    /* 零钱兑换:贪心 */
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    public int coinChangeGreedy(int[] coins, int amt) {
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        // 假设 coins 列表有序
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        int i = coins.Length - 1;
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        int count = 0;
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        // 循环进行贪心选择,直到无剩余金额
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        while (amt > 0) {
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            // 找到小于且最接近剩余金额的硬币
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            while (coins[i] > amt) {
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                i--;
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            }
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            // 选择 coins[i]
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            amt -= coins[i];
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            count++;
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        }
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        // 若未找到可行方案,则返回 -1
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        return amt == 0 ? count : -1;
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    }
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    [Test]
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    public void Test() {
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        // 贪心:能够保证找到全局最优解
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        int[] coins = { 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 };
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        int amt = 186;
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        int res = coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt);
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        Console.WriteLine("\ncoins = " + coins.PrintList() + ", amt = " + amt);
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        Console.WriteLine("凑到 " + amt + " 所需的最少硬币数量为 " + res);
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        // 贪心:无法保证找到全局最优解
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        coins = new int[] { 1, 20, 50 };
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        amt = 60;
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        res = coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt);
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        Console.WriteLine("\ncoins = " + coins.PrintList() + ", amt = " + amt);
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        Console.WriteLine("凑到 " + amt + " 所需的最少硬币数量为 " + res);
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        Console.WriteLine("实际上需要的最少数量为 3 ,即 20 + 20 + 20");
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        // 贪心:无法保证找到全局最优解
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        coins = new int[] { 1, 49, 50 };
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        amt = 98;
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        res = coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt);
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        Console.WriteLine("\ncoins = " + coins.PrintList() + ", amt = " + amt);
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        Console.WriteLine("凑到 " + amt + " 所需的最少硬币数量为 " + res);
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        Console.WriteLine("实际上需要的最少数量为 2 ,即 49 + 49");
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    }
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}
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										57
									
								
								codes/csharp/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack.cs
									
									
									
									
									
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								codes/csharp/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack.cs
									
									
									
									
									
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/**
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* File: fractional_knapsack.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-21
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_greedy;
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/* 物品 */
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class Item {
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    public int w; // 物品重量
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    public int v; // 物品价值
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    public Item(int w, int v) {
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        this.w = w;
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        this.v = v;
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    }
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}
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public class fractional_knapsack {
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    /* 分数背包:贪心 */
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    public double fractionalKnapsack(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {
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        // 创建物品列表,包含两个属性:重量、价值
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        Item[] items = new Item[wgt.Length];
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        for (int i = 0; i < wgt.Length; i++) {
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            items[i] = new Item(wgt[i], val[i]);
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        }
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        // 按照单位价值 item.v / item.w 从高到低进行排序
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        Array.Sort(items, (x, y) => (y.v / y.w).CompareTo(x.v / x.w));
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        // 循环贪心选择
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        double res = 0;
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        foreach (Item item in items) {
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            if (item.w <= cap) {
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                // 若剩余容量充足,则将当前物品整个装进背包
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                res += item.v;
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                cap -= item.w;
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            } else {
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                // 若剩余容量不足,则将当前物品的一部分装进背包
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                res += (double)item.v / item.w * cap;
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                // 已无剩余容量,因此跳出循环
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                break;
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            }
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        }
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        return res;
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    }
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    [Test]
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    public void Test() {
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        int[] wgt = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
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        int[] val = { 50, 120, 150, 210, 240 };
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        int cap = 50;
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        // 贪心算法
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        double res = fractionalKnapsack(wgt, val, cap);
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        Console.WriteLine("不超过背包容量的最大物品价值为 " + res);
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    }
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}
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										39
									
								
								codes/csharp/chapter_greedy/max_capacity.cs
									
									
									
									
									
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								codes/csharp/chapter_greedy/max_capacity.cs
									
									
									
									
									
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/**
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* File: max_capacity.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-21
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_greedy;
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public class max_capacity {
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    /* 最大容量:贪心 */
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    public int maxCapacity(int[] ht) {
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        // 初始化 i, j 分列数组两端
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        int i = 0, j = ht.Length - 1;
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        // 初始最大容量为 0
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        int res = 0;
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        // 循环贪心选择,直至两板相遇
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        while (i < j) {
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            // 更新最大容量
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            int cap = Math.Min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);
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            res = Math.Max(res, cap);
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            // 向内移动短板
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            if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {
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                i++;
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            } else {
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                j--;
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            }
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        }
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        return res;
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    }
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    [Test]
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    public void Test() {
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        int[] ht = { 3, 8, 5, 2, 7, 7, 3, 4 };
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        // 贪心算法
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        int res = maxCapacity(ht);
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        Console.WriteLine("最大容量为 " + res);
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    }
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}
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										39
									
								
								codes/csharp/chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting.cs
									
									
									
									
									
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								codes/csharp/chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting.cs
									
									
									
									
									
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/**
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* File: max_product_cutting.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-21
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_greedy;
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public class max_product_cutting {
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    /* 最大切分乘积:贪心 */
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    public int maxProductCutting(int n) {
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        // 当 n <= 3 时,必须切分出一个 1
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        if (n <= 3) {
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            return 1 * (n - 1);
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        }
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        // 贪心地切分出 3 ,a 为 3 的个数,b 为余数
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        int a = n / 3;
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        int b = n % 3;
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        if (b == 1) {
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            // 当余数为 1 时,将一对 1 * 3 转化为 2 * 2
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            return (int)Math.Pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;
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        }
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        if (b == 2) {
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            // 当余数为 2 时,不做处理
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            return (int)Math.Pow(3, a) * 2;
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        }
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        // 当余数为 0 时,不做处理
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        return (int)Math.Pow(3, a);
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    }
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    [Test]
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    public void Test() {
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        int n = 58;
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        // 贪心算法
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        int res = maxProductCutting(n);
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        Console.WriteLine("最大切分乘积为" + res);
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    }
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}
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