mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2025-07-24 02:03:10 +08:00
build
This commit is contained in:
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ comments: true
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### 7. C# 环境
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1. 下载并安装 [.Net 6.0](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/download) 。
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1. 下载并安装 [.Net 8.0](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/download) 。
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2. 在 VSCode 的插件市场中搜索 `C# Dev Kit` ,安装 C# Dev Kit ([配置教程](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/csharp/get-started))。
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3. 也可使用 Visual Studio([安装教程](https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/visualstudio/install/install-visual-studio?view=vs-2022))。
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|
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ comments: true
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```csharp title="array.cs"
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/* 初始化数组 */
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int[] arr = new int[5]; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
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int[] nums = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
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int[] nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];
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```
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=== "Go"
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@ -58,10 +58,9 @@ comments: true
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```csharp title=""
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/* 链表节点类 */
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class ListNode {
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int val; // 节点值
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ListNode next; // 指向下一节点的引用
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ListNode(int x) => val = x; //构造函数
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class ListNode(int x) { //构造函数
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int val = x; // 节点值
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ListNode? next; // 指向下一节点的引用
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}
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```
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@ -774,7 +773,7 @@ comments: true
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```csharp title="linked_list.cs"
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/* 访问链表中索引为 index 的节点 */
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ListNode? Access(ListNode head, int index) {
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ListNode? Access(ListNode? head, int index) {
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for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
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if (head == null)
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return null;
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@ -953,7 +952,7 @@ comments: true
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```csharp title="linked_list.cs"
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/* 在链表中查找值为 target 的首个节点 */
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int Find(ListNode head, int target) {
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int Find(ListNode? head, int target) {
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int index = 0;
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while (head != null) {
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if (head.val == target)
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@ -1162,11 +1161,10 @@ comments: true
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```csharp title=""
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/* 双向链表节点类 */
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class ListNode {
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int val; // 节点值
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class ListNode(int x) { // 构造函数
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int val = x; // 节点值
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ListNode next; // 指向后继节点的引用
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ListNode prev; // 指向前驱节点的引用
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ListNode(int x) => val = x; // 构造函数
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}
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```
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@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ comments: true
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```csharp title="list.cs"
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/* 初始化列表 */
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// 无初始值
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List<int> nums1 = new();
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List<int> nums1 = [];
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// 有初始值
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int[] numbers = new int[] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
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List<int> nums = numbers.ToList();
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int[] numbers = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];
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List<int> nums = [.. numbers];
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```
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=== "Go"
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@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ comments: true
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```csharp title="list.cs"
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/* 拼接两个列表 */
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List<int> nums1 = new() { 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 };
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List<int> nums1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];
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nums.AddRange(nums1); // 将列表 nums1 拼接到 nums 之后
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```
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@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ comments: true
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```csharp title="preorder_traversal_i_compact.cs"
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/* 前序遍历:例题一 */
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void PreOrder(TreeNode root) {
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void PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {
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if (root == null) {
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return;
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}
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@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ comments: true
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```csharp title="preorder_traversal_ii_compact.cs"
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/* 前序遍历:例题二 */
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void PreOrder(TreeNode root) {
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void PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {
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if (root == null) {
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return;
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}
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@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ comments: true
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```csharp title="preorder_traversal_iii_compact.cs"
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/* 前序遍历:例题三 */
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void PreOrder(TreeNode root) {
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void PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {
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// 剪枝
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if (root == null || root.val == 3) {
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return;
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@ -1267,7 +1267,7 @@ comments: true
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// 尝试:做出选择,更新状态
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MakeChoice(state, choice);
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// 进行下一轮选择
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Backtrack(state, new List<TreeNode> { choice.left, choice.right }, res);
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Backtrack(state, [choice.left!, choice.right!], res);
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// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
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UndoChoice(state, choice);
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}
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|
@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ comments: true
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bool[] cols, bool[] diags1, bool[] diags2) {
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// 当放置完所有行时,记录解
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if (row == n) {
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List<List<string>> copyState = new();
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List<List<string>> copyState = [];
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foreach (List<string> sRow in state) {
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copyState.Add(new List<string>(sRow));
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}
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@ -236,9 +236,9 @@ comments: true
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/* 求解 N 皇后 */
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List<List<List<string>>> NQueens(int n) {
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// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
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List<List<string>> state = new();
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List<List<string>> state = [];
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
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List<string> row = new();
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List<string> row = [];
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for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
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row.Add("#");
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}
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@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ comments: true
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bool[] cols = new bool[n]; // 记录列是否有皇后
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bool[] diags1 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // 记录主对角线是否有皇后
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bool[] diags2 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // 记录副对角线是否有皇后
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List<List<List<string>>> res = new();
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List<List<List<string>>> res = [];
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Backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
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|
@ -187,8 +187,8 @@ comments: true
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/* 全排列 I */
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List<List<int>> PermutationsI(int[] nums) {
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List<List<int>> res = new();
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Backtrack(new List<int>(), nums, new bool[nums.Length], res);
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List<List<int>> res = [];
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Backtrack([], nums, new bool[nums.Length], res);
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return res;
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}
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```
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@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ comments: true
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return;
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}
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// 遍历所有选择
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ISet<int> duplicated = new HashSet<int>();
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HashSet<int> duplicated = [];
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for (int i = 0; i < choices.Length; i++) {
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int choice = choices[i];
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// 剪枝:不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素
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@ -643,8 +643,8 @@ comments: true
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/* 全排列 II */
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List<List<int>> PermutationsII(int[] nums) {
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List<List<int>> res = new();
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Backtrack(new List<int>(), nums, new bool[nums.Length], res);
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List<List<int>> res = [];
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Backtrack([], nums, new bool[nums.Length], res);
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return res;
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}
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||||
```
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|
@ -154,9 +154,9 @@ comments: true
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||||
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||||
/* 求解子集和 I(包含重复子集) */
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List<List<int>> SubsetSumINaive(int[] nums, int target) {
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List<int> state = new(); // 状态(子集)
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List<int> state = []; // 状态(子集)
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int total = 0; // 子集和
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List<List<int>> res = new(); // 结果列表(子集列表)
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List<List<int>> res = []; // 结果列表(子集列表)
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Backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);
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return res;
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}
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@ -609,10 +609,10 @@ comments: true
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||||
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||||
/* 求解子集和 I */
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List<List<int>> SubsetSumI(int[] nums, int target) {
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List<int> state = new(); // 状态(子集)
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List<int> state = []; // 状态(子集)
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Array.Sort(nums); // 对 nums 进行排序
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int start = 0; // 遍历起始点
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List<List<int>> res = new(); // 结果列表(子集列表)
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||||
List<List<int>> res = []; // 结果列表(子集列表)
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Backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
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return res;
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}
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||||
@ -1093,10 +1093,10 @@ comments: true
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||||
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||||
/* 求解子集和 II */
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List<List<int>> SubsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {
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List<int> state = new(); // 状态(子集)
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||||
List<int> state = []; // 状态(子集)
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Array.Sort(nums); // 对 nums 进行排序
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||||
int start = 0; // 遍历起始点
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||||
List<List<int>> res = new(); // 结果列表(子集列表)
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||||
List<List<int>> res = []; // 结果列表(子集列表)
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||||
Backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
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||||
return res;
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||||
}
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||||
|
@ -104,10 +104,9 @@ comments: true
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||||
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||||
```csharp title=""
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||||
/* 类 */
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||||
class Node {
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||||
int val;
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||||
class Node(int x) {
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||||
int val = x;
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||||
Node next;
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||||
Node(int x) { val = x; }
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||||
}
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||||
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||||
/* 函数 */
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@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ comments: true
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int Algorithm(int n) { // 输入数据
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||||
const int a = 0; // 暂存数据(常量)
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||||
int b = 0; // 暂存数据(变量)
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||||
Node node = new(0); // 暂存数据(对象)
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||||
Node node = new(0); // 暂存数据(对象)
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||||
int c = Function(); // 栈帧空间(调用函数)
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||||
return a + b + c; // 输出数据
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||||
}
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@ -1123,12 +1122,12 @@ $$
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||||
// 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间
|
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int[] nums = new int[n];
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||||
// 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间
|
||||
List<ListNode> nodes = new();
|
||||
List<ListNode> nodes = [];
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||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
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nodes.Add(new ListNode(i));
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||||
}
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||||
// 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间
|
||||
Dictionary<int, string> map = new();
|
||||
Dictionary<int, string> map = [];
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||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
|
||||
map.Add(i, i.ToString());
|
||||
}
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@ -1524,9 +1523,9 @@ $$
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||||
// 矩阵占用 O(n^2) 空间
|
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int[,] numMatrix = new int[n, n];
|
||||
// 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间
|
||||
List<List<int>> numList = new();
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||||
List<List<int>> numList = [];
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
|
||||
List<int> tmp = new();
|
||||
List<int> tmp = [];
|
||||
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
|
||||
tmp.Add(0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -2338,7 +2338,7 @@ $$
|
||||
int Logarithmic(float n) {
|
||||
int count = 0;
|
||||
while (n > 1) {
|
||||
n = n / 2;
|
||||
n /= 2;
|
||||
count++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return count;
|
||||
|
@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp title="build_tree.cs"
|
||||
/* 构建二叉树:分治 */
|
||||
TreeNode DFS(int[] preorder, Dictionary<int, int> inorderMap, int i, int l, int r) {
|
||||
TreeNode? DFS(int[] preorder, Dictionary<int, int> inorderMap, int i, int l, int r) {
|
||||
// 子树区间为空时终止
|
||||
if (r - l < 0)
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
@ -189,13 +189,13 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构建二叉树 */
|
||||
TreeNode BuildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {
|
||||
TreeNode? BuildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {
|
||||
// 初始化哈希表,存储 inorder 元素到索引的映射
|
||||
Dictionary<int, int> inorderMap = new();
|
||||
Dictionary<int, int> inorderMap = [];
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < inorder.Length; i++) {
|
||||
inorderMap.TryAdd(inorder[i], i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
TreeNode root = DFS(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorder.Length - 1);
|
||||
TreeNode? root = DFS(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorder.Length - 1);
|
||||
return root;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
@ -126,9 +126,9 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
/* 爬楼梯:回溯 */
|
||||
int ClimbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {
|
||||
List<int> choices = new() { 1, 2 }; // 可选择向上爬 1 或 2 阶
|
||||
List<int> choices = [1, 2]; // 可选择向上爬 1 或 2 阶
|
||||
int state = 0; // 从第 0 阶开始爬
|
||||
List<int> res = new() { 0 }; // 使用 res[0] 记录方案数量
|
||||
List<int> res = [0]; // 使用 res[0] 记录方案数量
|
||||
Backtrack(choices, state, n, res);
|
||||
return res[0];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -291,13 +291,13 @@ comments: true
|
||||
```csharp title="graph_adjacency_matrix.cs"
|
||||
/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 */
|
||||
class GraphAdjMat {
|
||||
readonly List<int> vertices; // 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
|
||||
readonly List<List<int>> adjMat; // 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
|
||||
List<int> vertices; // 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
|
||||
List<List<int>> adjMat; // 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构造函数 */
|
||||
public GraphAdjMat(int[] vertices, int[][] edges) {
|
||||
this.vertices = new List<int>();
|
||||
this.adjMat = new List<List<int>>();
|
||||
this.vertices = [];
|
||||
this.adjMat = [];
|
||||
// 添加顶点
|
||||
foreach (int val in vertices) {
|
||||
AddVertex(val);
|
||||
@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
||||
public int Size() {
|
||||
int Size() {
|
||||
return vertices.Count;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构造函数 */
|
||||
public GraphAdjList(Vertex[][] edges) {
|
||||
this.adjList = new Dictionary<Vertex, List<Vertex>>();
|
||||
adjList = [];
|
||||
// 添加所有顶点和边
|
||||
foreach (Vertex[] edge in edges) {
|
||||
AddVertex(edge[0]);
|
||||
@ -1321,7 +1321,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
||||
public int Size() {
|
||||
int Size() {
|
||||
return adjList.Count;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
if (adjList.ContainsKey(vet))
|
||||
return;
|
||||
// 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
|
||||
adjList.Add(vet, new List<Vertex>());
|
||||
adjList.Add(vet, []);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除顶点 */
|
||||
@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
public void Print() {
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("邻接表 =");
|
||||
foreach (KeyValuePair<Vertex, List<Vertex>> pair in adjList) {
|
||||
List<int> tmp = new();
|
||||
List<int> tmp = [];
|
||||
foreach (Vertex vertex in pair.Value)
|
||||
tmp.Add(vertex.val);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(pair.Key.val + ": [" + string.Join(", ", tmp) + "],");
|
||||
|
@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ BFS 通常借助队列来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质,这
|
||||
// 使用邻接表来表示图,以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
|
||||
List<Vertex> GraphBFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {
|
||||
// 顶点遍历序列
|
||||
List<Vertex> res = new();
|
||||
List<Vertex> res = [];
|
||||
// 哈希表,用于记录已被访问过的顶点
|
||||
HashSet<Vertex> visited = new() { startVet };
|
||||
HashSet<Vertex> visited = [startVet];
|
||||
// 队列用于实现 BFS
|
||||
Queue<Vertex> que = new();
|
||||
que.Enqueue(startVet);
|
||||
@ -579,9 +579,9 @@ BFS 通常借助队列来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质,这
|
||||
// 使用邻接表来表示图,以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
|
||||
List<Vertex> GraphDFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {
|
||||
// 顶点遍历序列
|
||||
List<Vertex> res = new();
|
||||
List<Vertex> res = [];
|
||||
// 哈希表,用于记录已被访问过的顶点
|
||||
HashSet<Vertex> visited = new();
|
||||
HashSet<Vertex> visited = [];
|
||||
DFS(graph, visited, res, startVet);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -155,14 +155,9 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp title="fractional_knapsack.cs"
|
||||
/* 物品 */
|
||||
class Item {
|
||||
public int w; // 物品重量
|
||||
public int v; // 物品价值
|
||||
|
||||
public Item(int w, int v) {
|
||||
this.w = w;
|
||||
this.v = v;
|
||||
}
|
||||
class Item(int w, int v) {
|
||||
public int w = w; // 物品重量
|
||||
public int v = v; // 物品价值
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 分数背包:贪心 */
|
||||
|
@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ $$
|
||||
int hashStr = str.GetHashCode();
|
||||
// 字符串 Hello 算法 的哈希值为 -586107568;
|
||||
|
||||
object[] arr = { 12836, "小哈" };
|
||||
object[] arr = [12836, "小哈"];
|
||||
int hashTup = arr.GetHashCode();
|
||||
// 数组 [12836, 小哈] 的哈希值为 42931033;
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -359,8 +359,8 @@ comments: true
|
||||
class HashMapChaining {
|
||||
int size; // 键值对数量
|
||||
int capacity; // 哈希表容量
|
||||
readonly double loadThres; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
|
||||
readonly int extendRatio; // 扩容倍数
|
||||
double loadThres; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
|
||||
int extendRatio; // 扩容倍数
|
||||
List<List<Pair>> buckets; // 桶数组
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构造方法 */
|
||||
@ -371,17 +371,17 @@ comments: true
|
||||
extendRatio = 2;
|
||||
buckets = new List<List<Pair>>(capacity);
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {
|
||||
buckets.Add(new List<Pair>());
|
||||
buckets.Add([]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 哈希函数 */
|
||||
private int HashFunc(int key) {
|
||||
int HashFunc(int key) {
|
||||
return key % capacity;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 负载因子 */
|
||||
private double LoadFactor() {
|
||||
double LoadFactor() {
|
||||
return (double)size / capacity;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -431,14 +431,14 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 扩容哈希表 */
|
||||
private void Extend() {
|
||||
void Extend() {
|
||||
// 暂存原哈希表
|
||||
List<List<Pair>> bucketsTmp = buckets;
|
||||
// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
|
||||
capacity *= extendRatio;
|
||||
buckets = new List<List<Pair>>(capacity);
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {
|
||||
buckets.Add(new List<Pair>());
|
||||
buckets.Add([]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
size = 0;
|
||||
// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
|
||||
@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
/* 打印哈希表 */
|
||||
public void Print() {
|
||||
foreach (List<Pair> bucket in buckets) {
|
||||
List<string> res = new();
|
||||
List<string> res = [];
|
||||
foreach (Pair pair in bucket) {
|
||||
res.Add(pair.key + " -> " + pair.val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -1727,12 +1727,12 @@ comments: true
|
||||
```csharp title="hash_map_open_addressing.cs"
|
||||
/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
|
||||
class HashMapOpenAddressing {
|
||||
private int size; // 键值对数量
|
||||
private int capacity = 4; // 哈希表容量
|
||||
private readonly double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
|
||||
private readonly int extendRatio = 2; // 扩容倍数
|
||||
private Pair[] buckets; // 桶数组
|
||||
private readonly Pair TOMBSTONE = new(-1, "-1"); // 删除标记
|
||||
int size; // 键值对数量
|
||||
int capacity = 4; // 哈希表容量
|
||||
double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
|
||||
int extendRatio = 2; // 扩容倍数
|
||||
Pair[] buckets; // 桶数组
|
||||
Pair TOMBSTONE = new(-1, "-1"); // 删除标记
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构造方法 */
|
||||
public HashMapOpenAddressing() {
|
||||
@ -1741,17 +1741,17 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 哈希函数 */
|
||||
private int HashFunc(int key) {
|
||||
int HashFunc(int key) {
|
||||
return key % capacity;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 负载因子 */
|
||||
private double LoadFactor() {
|
||||
double LoadFactor() {
|
||||
return (double)size / capacity;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
|
||||
private int FindBucket(int key) {
|
||||
int FindBucket(int key) {
|
||||
int index = HashFunc(key);
|
||||
int firstTombstone = -1;
|
||||
// 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
|
||||
@ -1819,7 +1819,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 扩容哈希表 */
|
||||
private void Extend() {
|
||||
void Extend() {
|
||||
// 暂存原哈希表
|
||||
Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;
|
||||
// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
|
||||
|
@ -776,28 +776,24 @@ index = hash(key) % capacity
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp title="array_hash_map.cs"
|
||||
/* 键值对 int->string */
|
||||
class Pair {
|
||||
public int key;
|
||||
public string val;
|
||||
public Pair(int key, string val) {
|
||||
this.key = key;
|
||||
this.val = val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
class Pair(int key, string val) {
|
||||
public int key = key;
|
||||
public string val = val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于数组简易实现的哈希表 */
|
||||
class ArrayHashMap {
|
||||
private readonly List<Pair?> buckets;
|
||||
List<Pair?> buckets;
|
||||
public ArrayHashMap() {
|
||||
// 初始化数组,包含 100 个桶
|
||||
buckets = new();
|
||||
buckets = [];
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
|
||||
buckets.Add(null);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 哈希函数 */
|
||||
private int HashFunc(int key) {
|
||||
int HashFunc(int key) {
|
||||
int index = key % 100;
|
||||
return index;
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -826,7 +822,7 @@ index = hash(key) % capacity
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取所有键值对 */
|
||||
public List<Pair> PairSet() {
|
||||
List<Pair> pairSet = new();
|
||||
List<Pair> pairSet = [];
|
||||
foreach (Pair? pair in buckets) {
|
||||
if (pair != null)
|
||||
pairSet.Add(pair);
|
||||
@ -836,7 +832,7 @@ index = hash(key) % capacity
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取所有键 */
|
||||
public List<int> KeySet() {
|
||||
List<int> keySet = new();
|
||||
List<int> keySet = [];
|
||||
foreach (Pair? pair in buckets) {
|
||||
if (pair != null)
|
||||
keySet.Add(pair.key);
|
||||
@ -846,7 +842,7 @@ index = hash(key) % capacity
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取所有值 */
|
||||
public List<string> ValueSet() {
|
||||
List<string> valueSet = new();
|
||||
List<string> valueSet = [];
|
||||
foreach (Pair? pair in buckets) {
|
||||
if (pair != null)
|
||||
valueSet.Add(pair.val);
|
||||
@ -1462,7 +1458,7 @@ index = hash(key) % capacity
|
||||
for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {
|
||||
if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {
|
||||
entries[index].key = hmap->buckets[i]->key;
|
||||
entries[index].val = malloc(strlen(hmap->buckets[i]->val + 1));
|
||||
entries[index].val = malloc(strlen(hmap->buckets[i]->val) + 1);
|
||||
strcpy(entries[index].val, hmap->buckets[i]->val);
|
||||
index++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
bool isEmpty = maxHeap.Count == 0;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 输入列表并建堆 */
|
||||
minHeap = new PriorityQueue<int, int>(new List<(int, int)> { (1, 1), (3, 3), (2, 2), (5, 5), (4, 4), });
|
||||
minHeap = new PriorityQueue<int, int>([(1, 1), (3, 3), (2, 2), (5, 5), (4, 4)]);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "Go"
|
||||
|
@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ comments: true
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
|
||||
for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {
|
||||
if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target)
|
||||
return new int[] { i, j };
|
||||
return [i, j];
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return Array.Empty<int>();
|
||||
return [];
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
@ -309,15 +309,15 @@ comments: true
|
||||
int[] TwoSumHashTable(int[] nums, int target) {
|
||||
int size = nums.Length;
|
||||
// 辅助哈希表,空间复杂度 O(n)
|
||||
Dictionary<int, int> dic = new();
|
||||
Dictionary<int, int> dic = [];
|
||||
// 单层循环,时间复杂度 O(n)
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
|
||||
if (dic.ContainsKey(target - nums[i])) {
|
||||
return new int[] { dic[target - nums[i]], i };
|
||||
return [dic[target - nums[i]], i];
|
||||
}
|
||||
dic.Add(nums[i], i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return Array.Empty<int>();
|
||||
return [];
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ comments: true
|
||||
void BucketSort(float[] nums) {
|
||||
// 初始化 k = n/2 个桶,预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素
|
||||
int k = nums.Length / 2;
|
||||
List<List<float>> buckets = new();
|
||||
List<List<float>> buckets = [];
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
|
||||
buckets.Add(new List<float>());
|
||||
buckets.Add([]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中
|
||||
foreach (float num in nums) {
|
||||
|
@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数
|
||||
// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数
|
||||
int *counter = malloc(sizeof(int) * m);
|
||||
int *counter = calloc(m, sizeof(int));
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
|
||||
counter[nums[i]]++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -308,6 +308,8 @@ comments: true
|
||||
nums[i] = num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 4. 释放内存
|
||||
free(counter);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
@ -744,7 +746,7 @@ $$
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数
|
||||
// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数
|
||||
int *counter = malloc(sizeof(int) * m);
|
||||
int *counter = calloc(m, sizeof(int));
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
|
||||
counter[nums[i]]++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -763,6 +765,8 @@ $$
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums
|
||||
memcpy(nums, res, size * sizeof(int));
|
||||
// 5. 释放内存
|
||||
free(counter);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -985,20 +985,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
return right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序类(中位基准数优化) */
|
||||
// 选取三个元素的中位数
|
||||
int medianThree(int nums[], int left, int mid, int right) {
|
||||
// 此处使用异或运算来简化代码
|
||||
// 异或规则为 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1
|
||||
if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]))
|
||||
return left;
|
||||
else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]))
|
||||
return mid;
|
||||
else
|
||||
return right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 哨兵划分(三数取中值)
|
||||
/* 哨兵划分(三数取中值) */
|
||||
int partitionMedian(int nums[], int left, int right) {
|
||||
// 选取三个候选元素的中位数
|
||||
int med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);
|
||||
|
@ -777,22 +777,16 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp title="linkedlist_deque.cs"
|
||||
/* 双向链表节点 */
|
||||
class ListNode {
|
||||
public int val; // 节点值
|
||||
public ListNode? next; // 后继节点引用
|
||||
public ListNode? prev; // 前驱节点引用
|
||||
|
||||
public ListNode(int val) {
|
||||
this.val = val;
|
||||
prev = null;
|
||||
next = null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
class ListNode(int val) {
|
||||
public int val = val; // 节点值
|
||||
public ListNode? next = null; // 后继节点引用
|
||||
public ListNode? prev = null; // 前驱节点引用
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于双向链表实现的双向队列 */
|
||||
class LinkedListDeque {
|
||||
private ListNode? front, rear; // 头节点 front, 尾节点 rear
|
||||
private int queSize = 0; // 双向队列的长度
|
||||
ListNode? front, rear; // 头节点 front, 尾节点 rear
|
||||
int queSize = 0; // 双向队列的长度
|
||||
|
||||
public LinkedListDeque() {
|
||||
front = null;
|
||||
@ -810,7 +804,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入队操作 */
|
||||
private void Push(int num, bool isFront) {
|
||||
void Push(int num, bool isFront) {
|
||||
ListNode node = new(num);
|
||||
// 若链表为空,则令 front, rear 都指向 node
|
||||
if (IsEmpty()) {
|
||||
@ -820,14 +814,14 @@ comments: true
|
||||
// 队首入队操作
|
||||
else if (isFront) {
|
||||
// 将 node 添加至链表头部
|
||||
front.prev = node;
|
||||
front!.prev = node;
|
||||
node.next = front;
|
||||
front = node; // 更新头节点
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 队尾入队操作
|
||||
else {
|
||||
// 将 node 添加至链表尾部
|
||||
rear.next = node;
|
||||
rear!.next = node;
|
||||
node.prev = rear;
|
||||
rear = node; // 更新尾节点
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -846,7 +840,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出队操作 */
|
||||
private int? Pop(bool isFront) {
|
||||
int? Pop(bool isFront) {
|
||||
if (IsEmpty())
|
||||
throw new Exception();
|
||||
int? val;
|
||||
@ -857,7 +851,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
ListNode? fNext = front?.next;
|
||||
if (fNext != null) {
|
||||
fNext.prev = null;
|
||||
front.next = null;
|
||||
front!.next = null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
front = fNext; // 更新头节点
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -868,7 +862,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
ListNode? rPrev = rear?.prev;
|
||||
if (rPrev != null) {
|
||||
rPrev.next = null;
|
||||
rear.prev = null;
|
||||
rear!.prev = null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
rear = rPrev; // 更新尾节点
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -2343,18 +2337,18 @@ comments: true
|
||||
```csharp title="array_deque.cs"
|
||||
/* 基于环形数组实现的双向队列 */
|
||||
class ArrayDeque {
|
||||
private readonly int[] nums; // 用于存储双向队列元素的数组
|
||||
private int front; // 队首指针,指向队首元素
|
||||
private int queSize; // 双向队列长度
|
||||
int[] nums; // 用于存储双向队列元素的数组
|
||||
int front; // 队首指针,指向队首元素
|
||||
int queSize; // 双向队列长度
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构造方法 */
|
||||
public ArrayDeque(int capacity) {
|
||||
this.nums = new int[capacity];
|
||||
nums = new int[capacity];
|
||||
front = queSize = 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取双向队列的容量 */
|
||||
public int Capacity() {
|
||||
int Capacity() {
|
||||
return nums.Length;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -2369,7 +2363,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 计算环形数组索引 */
|
||||
private int Index(int i) {
|
||||
int Index(int i) {
|
||||
// 通过取余操作实现数组首尾相连
|
||||
// 当 i 越过数组尾部后,回到头部
|
||||
// 当 i 越过数组头部后,回到尾部
|
||||
|
@ -547,8 +547,8 @@ comments: true
|
||||
```csharp title="linkedlist_queue.cs"
|
||||
/* 基于链表实现的队列 */
|
||||
class LinkedListQueue {
|
||||
private ListNode? front, rear; // 头节点 front ,尾节点 rear
|
||||
private int queSize = 0;
|
||||
ListNode? front, rear; // 头节点 front ,尾节点 rear
|
||||
int queSize = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
public LinkedListQueue() {
|
||||
front = null;
|
||||
@ -594,18 +594,18 @@ comments: true
|
||||
public int Peek() {
|
||||
if (IsEmpty())
|
||||
throw new Exception();
|
||||
return front.val;
|
||||
return front!.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将链表转化为 Array 并返回 */
|
||||
public int[] ToArray() {
|
||||
if (front == null)
|
||||
return Array.Empty<int>();
|
||||
return [];
|
||||
|
||||
ListNode node = front;
|
||||
ListNode? node = front;
|
||||
int[] res = new int[Size()];
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < res.Length; i++) {
|
||||
res[i] = node.val;
|
||||
res[i] = node!.val;
|
||||
node = node.next;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
@ -1445,9 +1445,9 @@ comments: true
|
||||
```csharp title="array_queue.cs"
|
||||
/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */
|
||||
class ArrayQueue {
|
||||
private readonly int[] nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
|
||||
private int front; // 队首指针,指向队首元素
|
||||
private int queSize; // 队列长度
|
||||
int[] nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
|
||||
int front; // 队首指针,指向队首元素
|
||||
int queSize; // 队列长度
|
||||
|
||||
public ArrayQueue(int capacity) {
|
||||
nums = new int[capacity];
|
||||
@ -1455,7 +1455,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的容量 */
|
||||
public int Capacity() {
|
||||
int Capacity() {
|
||||
return nums.Length;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -518,8 +518,8 @@ comments: true
|
||||
```csharp title="linkedlist_stack.cs"
|
||||
/* 基于链表实现的栈 */
|
||||
class LinkedListStack {
|
||||
private ListNode? stackPeek; // 将头节点作为栈顶
|
||||
private int stkSize = 0; // 栈的长度
|
||||
ListNode? stackPeek; // 将头节点作为栈顶
|
||||
int stkSize = 0; // 栈的长度
|
||||
|
||||
public LinkedListStack() {
|
||||
stackPeek = null;
|
||||
@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
public int Pop() {
|
||||
int num = Peek();
|
||||
stackPeek = stackPeek.next;
|
||||
stackPeek = stackPeek!.next;
|
||||
stkSize--;
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -556,18 +556,18 @@ comments: true
|
||||
public int Peek() {
|
||||
if (IsEmpty())
|
||||
throw new Exception();
|
||||
return stackPeek.val;
|
||||
return stackPeek!.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
|
||||
public int[] ToArray() {
|
||||
if (stackPeek == null)
|
||||
return Array.Empty<int>();
|
||||
return [];
|
||||
|
||||
ListNode node = stackPeek;
|
||||
ListNode? node = stackPeek;
|
||||
int[] res = new int[Size()];
|
||||
for (int i = res.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
|
||||
res[i] = node.val;
|
||||
res[i] = node!.val;
|
||||
node = node.next;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
@ -1237,10 +1237,10 @@ comments: true
|
||||
```csharp title="array_stack.cs"
|
||||
/* 基于数组实现的栈 */
|
||||
class ArrayStack {
|
||||
private readonly List<int> stack;
|
||||
List<int> stack;
|
||||
public ArrayStack() {
|
||||
// 初始化列表(动态数组)
|
||||
stack = new();
|
||||
stack = [];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
|
||||
public int[] ToArray() {
|
||||
return stack.ToArray();
|
||||
return [.. stack];
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
```csharp title=""
|
||||
/* 二叉树的数组表示 */
|
||||
// 使用 int? 可空类型 ,就可以使用 null 来标记空位
|
||||
int?[] tree = { 1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15 };
|
||||
int?[] tree = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "Go"
|
||||
@ -410,13 +410,8 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp title="array_binary_tree.cs"
|
||||
/* 数组表示下的二叉树类 */
|
||||
class ArrayBinaryTree {
|
||||
private readonly List<int?> tree;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构造方法 */
|
||||
public ArrayBinaryTree(List<int?> arr) {
|
||||
tree = new List<int?>(arr);
|
||||
}
|
||||
class ArrayBinaryTree(List<int?> arr) {
|
||||
List<int?> tree = new(arr);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 节点数量 */
|
||||
public int Size() {
|
||||
@ -448,50 +443,50 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
/* 层序遍历 */
|
||||
public List<int> LevelOrder() {
|
||||
List<int> res = new();
|
||||
List<int> res = [];
|
||||
// 直接遍历数组
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < Size(); i++) {
|
||||
if (Val(i).HasValue)
|
||||
res.Add(Val(i).Value);
|
||||
res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 深度优先遍历 */
|
||||
private void DFS(int i, string order, List<int> res) {
|
||||
void DFS(int i, string order, List<int> res) {
|
||||
// 若为空位,则返回
|
||||
if (!Val(i).HasValue)
|
||||
return;
|
||||
// 前序遍历
|
||||
if (order == "pre")
|
||||
res.Add(Val(i).Value);
|
||||
res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);
|
||||
DFS(Left(i), order, res);
|
||||
// 中序遍历
|
||||
if (order == "in")
|
||||
res.Add(Val(i).Value);
|
||||
res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);
|
||||
DFS(Right(i), order, res);
|
||||
// 后序遍历
|
||||
if (order == "post")
|
||||
res.Add(Val(i).Value);
|
||||
res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 前序遍历 */
|
||||
public List<int> PreOrder() {
|
||||
List<int> res = new();
|
||||
List<int> res = [];
|
||||
DFS(0, "pre", res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 中序遍历 */
|
||||
public List<int> InOrder() {
|
||||
List<int> res = new();
|
||||
List<int> res = [];
|
||||
DFS(0, "in", res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 后序遍历 */
|
||||
public List<int> PostOrder() {
|
||||
List<int> res = new();
|
||||
List<int> res = [];
|
||||
DFS(0, "post", res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -71,12 +71,11 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树,同时满足这两类二叉
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp title=""
|
||||
/* AVL 树节点类 */
|
||||
class TreeNode {
|
||||
public int val; // 节点值
|
||||
public int height; // 节点高度
|
||||
public TreeNode? left; // 左子节点
|
||||
public TreeNode? right; // 右子节点
|
||||
public TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
|
||||
class TreeNode(int? x) {
|
||||
public int? val = x; // 节点值
|
||||
public int height; // 节点高度
|
||||
public TreeNode? left; // 左子节点引用
|
||||
public TreeNode? right; // 右子节点引用
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
@ -689,7 +688,7 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
|
||||
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
|
||||
/* 右旋操作 */
|
||||
TreeNode? RightRotate(TreeNode? node) {
|
||||
TreeNode? child = node.left;
|
||||
TreeNode? child = node?.left;
|
||||
TreeNode? grandChild = child?.right;
|
||||
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
|
||||
child.right = node;
|
||||
@ -926,7 +925,7 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
|
||||
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
|
||||
/* 左旋操作 */
|
||||
TreeNode? LeftRotate(TreeNode? node) {
|
||||
TreeNode? child = node.right;
|
||||
TreeNode? child = node?.right;
|
||||
TreeNode? grandChild = child?.left;
|
||||
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
|
||||
child.left = node;
|
||||
@ -1236,23 +1235,23 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
|
||||
int balanceFactorInt = BalanceFactor(node);
|
||||
// 左偏树
|
||||
if (balanceFactorInt > 1) {
|
||||
if (BalanceFactor(node.left) >= 0) {
|
||||
if (BalanceFactor(node?.left) >= 0) {
|
||||
// 右旋
|
||||
return RightRotate(node);
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
// 先左旋后右旋
|
||||
node.left = LeftRotate(node?.left);
|
||||
node!.left = LeftRotate(node!.left);
|
||||
return RightRotate(node);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 右偏树
|
||||
if (balanceFactorInt < -1) {
|
||||
if (BalanceFactor(node.right) <= 0) {
|
||||
if (BalanceFactor(node?.right) <= 0) {
|
||||
// 左旋
|
||||
return LeftRotate(node);
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
// 先右旋后左旋
|
||||
node.right = RightRotate(node?.right);
|
||||
node!.right = RightRotate(node!.right);
|
||||
return LeftRotate(node);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -2059,7 +2058,7 @@ AVL 树的节点插入操作与二叉搜索树在主体上类似。唯一的区
|
||||
while (temp.left != null) {
|
||||
temp = temp.left;
|
||||
}
|
||||
node.right = RemoveHelper(node.right, temp.val);
|
||||
node.right = RemoveHelper(node.right, temp.val!.Value);
|
||||
node.val = temp.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
TreeNode? child = cur.left ?? cur.right;
|
||||
// 删除节点 cur
|
||||
if (cur != root) {
|
||||
if (pre.left == cur)
|
||||
if (pre!.left == cur)
|
||||
pre.left = child;
|
||||
else
|
||||
pre.right = child;
|
||||
@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
tmp = tmp.left;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 递归删除节点 tmp
|
||||
Remove(tmp.val);
|
||||
Remove(tmp.val!.Value);
|
||||
// 用 tmp 覆盖 cur
|
||||
cur.val = tmp.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -45,11 +45,10 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp title=""
|
||||
/* 二叉树节点类 */
|
||||
class TreeNode {
|
||||
int val; // 节点值
|
||||
TreeNode? left; // 左子节点引用
|
||||
TreeNode? right; // 右子节点引用
|
||||
TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
|
||||
class TreeNode(int? x) {
|
||||
public int? val = x; // 节点值
|
||||
public TreeNode? left; // 左子节点引用
|
||||
public TreeNode? right; // 右子节点引用
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ comments: true
|
||||
Queue<TreeNode> queue = new();
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(root);
|
||||
// 初始化一个列表,用于保存遍历序列
|
||||
List<int> list = new();
|
||||
List<int> list = [];
|
||||
while (queue.Count != 0) {
|
||||
TreeNode node = queue.Dequeue(); // 队列出队
|
||||
list.Add(node.val); // 保存节点值
|
||||
list.Add(node.val!.Value); // 保存节点值
|
||||
if (node.left != null)
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(node.left); // 左子节点入队
|
||||
if (node.right != null)
|
||||
@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
void PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {
|
||||
if (root == null) return;
|
||||
// 访问优先级:根节点 -> 左子树 -> 右子树
|
||||
list.Add(root.val);
|
||||
list.Add(root.val!.Value);
|
||||
PreOrder(root.left);
|
||||
PreOrder(root.right);
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
if (root == null) return;
|
||||
// 访问优先级:左子树 -> 根节点 -> 右子树
|
||||
InOrder(root.left);
|
||||
list.Add(root.val);
|
||||
list.Add(root.val!.Value);
|
||||
InOrder(root.right);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
// 访问优先级:左子树 -> 右子树 -> 根节点
|
||||
PostOrder(root.left);
|
||||
PostOrder(root.right);
|
||||
list.Add(root.val);
|
||||
list.Add(root.val!.Value);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
Reference in New Issue
Block a user