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149
codes/cpp/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.cpp
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149
codes/cpp/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.cpp
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/**
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* File: hash_map_chaining.cpp
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* Created Time: 2023-06-13
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* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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#include "../utils/common.hpp"
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/* 键值对 */
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struct Pair {
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public:
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int key;
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string val;
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Pair(int key, string val) {
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this->key = key;
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this->val = val;
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}
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};
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/* 链式地址哈希表 */
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class HashMapChaining {
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private:
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int size; // 键值对数量
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int capacity; // 哈希表容量
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double loadThres; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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int extendRatio; // 扩容倍数
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vector<vector<Pair *>> buckets; // 桶数组
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public:
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/* 构造方法 */
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HashMapChaining() : size(0), capacity(4), loadThres(2.0 / 3), extendRatio(2) {
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buckets.resize(capacity);
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}
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/* 哈希函数 */
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int hashFunc(int key) {
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return key % capacity;
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}
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/* 负载因子 */
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double loadFactor() {
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return (double)size / (double)capacity;
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}
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/* 查询操作 */
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string get(int key) {
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int index = hashFunc(key);
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// 遍历桶,若找到 key 则返回对应 val
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for (Pair *pair : buckets[index]) {
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if (pair->key == key) {
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return pair->val;
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}
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}
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// 若未找到 key 则返回 nullptr
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return nullptr;
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}
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/* 添加操作 */
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void put(int key, string val) {
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// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
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if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
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extend();
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}
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int index = hashFunc(key);
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// 遍历桶,若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val 并返回
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for (Pair *pair : buckets[index]) {
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if (pair->key == key) {
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pair->val = val;
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return;
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}
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}
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// 若无该 key ,则将键值对添加至尾部
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buckets[index].push_back(new Pair(key, val));
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size++;
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}
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/* 删除操作 */
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void remove(int key) {
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int index = hashFunc(key);
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auto &bucket = buckets[index];
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// 遍历桶,从中删除键值对
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for (int i = 0; i < bucket.size(); i++) {
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if (bucket[i]->key == key) {
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Pair *tmp = bucket[i];
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bucket.erase(bucket.begin() + i); // 从中删除键值对
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delete tmp; // 释放内存
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size--;
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return;
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}
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}
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}
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/* 扩容哈希表 */
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void extend() {
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// 暂存原哈希表
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vector<vector<Pair *>> bucketsTmp = buckets;
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// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
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capacity *= extendRatio;
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buckets.clear();
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buckets.resize(capacity);
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size = 0;
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// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
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for (auto &bucket : bucketsTmp) {
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for (Pair *pair : bucket) {
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put(pair->key, pair->val);
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}
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}
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}
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/* 打印哈希表 */
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void print() {
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for (auto &bucket : buckets) {
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cout << "[";
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for (Pair *pair : bucket) {
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cout << pair->key << " -> " << pair->val << ", ";
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}
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cout << "]\n";
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}
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}
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};
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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/* 初始化哈希表 */
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HashMapChaining map = HashMapChaining();
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/* 添加操作 */
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// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
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map.put(12836, "小哈");
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map.put(15937, "小啰");
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map.put(16750, "小算");
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map.put(13276, "小法");
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map.put(10583, "小鸭");
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cout << "\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value" << endl;
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map.print();
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/* 查询操作 */
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// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value
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string name = map.get(13276);
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cout << "\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 " << name << endl;
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/* 删除操作 */
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// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
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map.remove(12836);
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cout << "\n删除 12836 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value" << endl;
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map.print();
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return 0;
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}
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