feat: add array_deque for JS and TS (#397)

* feat: add array_deque for JS and TS

* feat: update the information

* Update array_deque.ts

* Update array_deque.js

* use private property

* Update array_deque.js

---------

Co-authored-by: steak-zhuo <zhuoqinyue@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Yudong Jin <krahets@163.com>

codes/javascript/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_deque.js

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/**
+ * File: array_deque.js
+ * Created Time: 2023-02-28
+ * Author: Zhuo Qinyue (1403450829@qq.com)
+ */
+
+
+/* 基于环形数组实现的双向队列 */
+class ArrayDeque {
+    #nums;       // 用于存储双向队列元素的数组
+    #front;      // 队首指针，指向队首元素
+    #queSize;    // 双向队列长度
+
+    /* 构造方法 */
+    constructor(capacity) {
+        this.#nums = new Array(capacity);
+        this.#front = 0;
+        this.#queSize = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* 获取双向队列的容量 */
+    capacity() {
+        return this.#nums.length;
+    }
+
+    /* 获取双向队列的长度 */
+    size() {
+        return this.#queSize;
+    }
+
+    /* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
+    isEmpty() {
+        return this.#queSize === 0;
+    }
+
+    /* 计算环形数组索引 */
+    index(i) {
+        // 通过取余操作实现数组首尾相连
+        // 当 i 越过数组尾部后，回到头部
+        // 当 i 越过数组头部后，回到尾部
+        return (i + this.capacity()) % this.capacity();
+    }
+
+    /* 队首入队 */
+    pushFirst(num) {
+        if (this.#queSize === this.capacity()) {
+            console.log("双向队列已满");
+            return;
+        }
+        // 队首指针向左移动一位
+        // 通过取余操作，实现 front 越过数组头部后回到尾部
+        this.#front = this.index(this.#front - 1);
+        // 将 num 添加至队首
+        this.#nums[this.#front] = num;
+        this.#queSize++;
+    }
+
+    /* 队尾入队 */
+    pushLast(num) {
+        if (this.#queSize === this.capacity()) {
+            console.log("双向队列已满");
+            return;
+        }
+        // 计算尾指针，指向队尾索引 + 1
+        const rear = this.index(this.#front + this.#queSize);
+        // 将 num 添加至队尾
+        this.#nums[rear] = num;
+        this.#queSize++;
+    }
+
+    /* 队首出队 */
+    pollFirst() {
+        const num = this.peekFirst();
+        // 队首指针向后移动一位
+        this.#front = this.index(this.#front + 1);
+        this.#queSize--;
+        return num;
+    }
+
+    /* 队尾出队 */
+    pollLast() {
+        const num = this.peekLast();
+        this.#queSize--;
+        return num;
+    }
+
+    /* 访问队首元素 */
+    peekFirst() {
+        if (this.isEmpty())
+            throw new Error("The Deque Is Empty.");
+        return this.#nums[this.#front];
+    }
+
+    /* 访问队尾元素 */
+    peekLast() {
+        if (this.isEmpty())
+            throw new Error("The Deque Is Empty.");
+        // 计算尾元素索引
+        const last = this.index(this.#front + this.#queSize - 1);
+        return this.#nums[last];
+    }
+
+    /* 返回数组用于打印 */
+    toArray() {
+        // 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素
+        const res = [];
+        for (let i = 0, j = this.#front; i < this.#queSize; i++, j++) {
+            res[i] = this.#nums[this.index(j)];
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Driver Code */
+/* 初始化双向队列 */
+const capacity = 5;
+const deque = new ArrayDeque(capacity);
+deque.pushLast(3);
+deque.pushLast(2);
+deque.pushLast(5);
+console.log("双向队列 deque = [" + deque.toArray() + "]");
+
+/* 访问元素 */
+const peekFirst = deque.peekFirst();
+console.log("队首元素 peekFirst = " + peekFirst);
+const peekLast = deque.peekLast();
+console.log("队尾元素 peekLast = " + peekLast);
+
+/* 元素入队 */
+deque.pushLast(4);
+console.log("元素 4 队尾入队后 deque = [" + deque.toArray() + "]");
+deque.pushFirst(1);
+console.log("元素 1 队首入队后 deque = [" + deque.toArray() + "]");
+
+/* 元素出队 */
+const pollLast = deque.pollLast();
+console.log("队尾出队元素 = " + pollLast + "，队尾出队后 deque = [" + deque.toArray() + "]");
+const pollFirst = deque.pollFirst();
+console.log("队首出队元素 = " + pollFirst + "，队首出队后 deque = [" + deque.toArray()+ "]");
+
+/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
+const size = deque.size();
+console.log("双向队列长度 size = " + size);
+
+/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
+const isEmpty = deque.isEmpty();
+console.log("双向队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);

codes/typescript/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_deque.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/**
+ * File: array_deque.ts
+ * Created Time: 2023-02-28
+ * Author: Zhuo Qinyue (1403450829@qq.com)
+ */
+
+
+/* 基于环形数组实现的双向队列 */
+class ArrayDeque {
+    private nums: number[];     // 用于存储双向队列元素的数组
+    private front: number;      // 队首指针，指向队首元素
+    private queSize: number;    // 双向队列长度
+
+    /* 构造方法 */
+    constructor(capacity: number) {
+        this.nums = new Array(capacity);
+        this.front = 0;
+        this.queSize = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* 获取双向队列的容量 */
+    capacity(): number {
+        return this.nums.length;
+    }
+
+    /* 获取双向队列的长度 */
+    size(): number {
+        return this.queSize;
+    }
+
+    /* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
+    isEmpty(): boolean {
+        return this.queSize === 0;
+    }
+
+    /* 计算环形数组索引 */
+    index(i: number): number {
+        // 通过取余操作实现数组首尾相连
+        // 当 i 越过数组尾部后，回到头部
+        // 当 i 越过数组头部后，回到尾部
+        return (i + this.capacity()) % this.capacity();
+    }
+
+    /* 队首入队 */
+    pushFirst(num: number): void {
+        if (this.queSize === this.capacity()) {
+            console.log("双向队列已满");
+            return;
+        }
+        // 队首指针向左移动一位
+        // 通过取余操作，实现 front 越过数组头部后回到尾部
+        this.front = this.index(this.front - 1);
+        // 将 num 添加至队首
+        this.nums[this.front] = num;
+        this.queSize++;
+    }
+
+    /* 队尾入队 */
+    pushLast(num: number): void {
+        if (this.queSize === this.capacity()) {
+            console.log("双向队列已满");
+            return;
+        }
+        // 计算尾指针，指向队尾索引 + 1
+        const rear: number = this.index(this.front + this.queSize);
+        // 将 num 添加至队尾
+        this.nums[rear] = num;
+        this.queSize++;
+    }
+
+    /* 队首出队 */
+    pollFirst(): number {
+        const num: number = this.peekFirst();
+        // 队首指针向后移动一位
+        this.front = this.index(this.front + 1);
+        this.queSize--;
+        return num;
+    }
+
+    /* 队尾出队 */
+    pollLast(): number {
+        const num: number = this.peekLast();
+        this.queSize--;
+        return num;
+    }
+
+    /* 访问队首元素 */
+    peekFirst(): number {
+        if (this.isEmpty())
+            throw new Error("The Deque Is Empty.");
+        return this.nums[this.front];
+    }
+
+    /* 访问队尾元素 */
+    peekLast(): number {
+        if (this.isEmpty())
+            throw new Error("The Deque Is Empty.");
+        // 计算尾元素索引
+        const last = this.index(this.front + this.queSize - 1);
+        return this.nums[last];
+    }
+
+    /* 返回数组用于打印 */
+    toArray(): number[] {
+        // 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素
+        const res: number[] = [];
+        for (let i = 0, j = this.front; i < this.queSize; i++, j++) {
+            res[i] = this.nums[this.index(j)];
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Driver Code */
+/* 初始化双向队列 */
+const capacity = 5;
+const deque: ArrayDeque = new ArrayDeque(capacity);
+deque.pushLast(3);
+deque.pushLast(2);
+deque.pushLast(5);
+console.log("双向队列 deque = [" + deque.toArray() + "]");
+
+/* 访问元素 */
+const peekFirst = deque.peekFirst();
+console.log("队首元素 peekFirst = " + peekFirst);
+const peekLast = deque.peekLast();
+console.log("队尾元素 peekLast = " + peekLast);
+
+/* 元素入队 */
+deque.pushLast(4);
+console.log("元素 4 队尾入队后 deque = [" + deque.toArray() + "]");
+deque.pushFirst(1);
+console.log("元素 1 队首入队后 deque = [" + deque.toArray() + "]");
+
+/* 元素出队 */
+const pollLast = deque.pollLast();
+console.log("队尾出队元素 = " + pollLast + "，队尾出队后 deque = [" + deque.toArray() + "]");
+const pollFirst = deque.pollFirst();
+console.log("队首出队元素 = " + pollFirst + "，队首出队后 deque = [" + deque.toArray()+ "]");
+
+/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
+const size = deque.size();
+console.log("双向队列长度 size = " + size);
+
+/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
+const isEmpty = deque.isEmpty();
+console.log("双向队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
+
+export {};