Refactor the articles related to searching algorithm. Add the chapter of binary search. Add the section of searching algorithm revisited. (#464)

This commit is contained in:
Yudong Jin
2023-04-17 18:22:18 +08:00
committed by GitHub
parent 28fdd26f2f
commit 881d573790
57 changed files with 265 additions and 505 deletions

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"""
File: binary_search.py
Created Time: 2022-11-26
Author: timi (xisunyy@163.com)
"""
def binary_search(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
"""二分查找(双闭区间)"""
# 初始化双闭区间 [0, n-1] ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素
i, j = 0, len(nums) - 1
while i <= j:
m = (i + j) // 2 # 计算中点索引 m
if nums[m] < target: # 此情况说明 target 在区间 [m+1, j] 中
i = m + 1
elif nums[m] > target: # 此情况说明 target 在区间 [i, m-1] 中
j = m - 1
else:
return m # 找到目标元素,返回其索引
return -1 # 未找到目标元素,返回 -1
def binary_search1(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
"""二分查找(左闭右开)"""
# 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
i, j = 0, len(nums)
# 循环,当搜索区间为空时跳出(当 i = j 时为空)
while i < j:
m = (i + j) // 2 # 计算中点索引 m
if nums[m] < target: # 此情况说明 target 在区间 [m+1, j) 中
i = m + 1
elif nums[m] > target: # 此情况说明 target 在区间 [i, m) 中
j = m
else: # 找到目标元素,返回其索引
return m
return -1 # 未找到目标元素,返回 -1
"""Driver Code"""
if __name__ == "__main__":
target: int = 6
nums: list[int] = [1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 23, 67, 70, 92]
# 二分查找(双闭区间)
index: int = binary_search(nums, target)
print("目标元素 6 的索引 = ", index)
# 二分查找(左闭右开)
index: int = binary_search1(nums, target)
print("目标元素 6 的索引 = ", index)

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"""
File: leetcode_two_sum.py
Created Time: 2022-11-25
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
"""
def two_sum_brute_force(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[int]:
"""方法一:暴力枚举"""
# 两层循环,时间复杂度 O(n^2)
for i in range(len(nums) - 1):
for j in range(i + 1, len(nums)):
if nums[i] + nums[j] == target:
return [i, j]
return []
def two_sum_hash_table(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[int]:
"""方法二:辅助哈希表"""
# 辅助哈希表,空间复杂度 O(n)
dic = {}
# 单层循环,时间复杂度 O(n)
for i in range(len(nums)):
if target - nums[i] in dic:
return [dic[target - nums[i]], i]
dic[nums[i]] = i
return []
"""Driver Code"""
if __name__ == "__main__":
# ======= Test Case =======
nums = [2, 7, 11, 15]
target = 9
# ====== Driver Code ======
# 方法一
res: list[int] = two_sum_brute_force(nums, target)
print("方法一 res =", res)
# 方法二
res: list[int] = two_sum_hash_table(nums, target)
print("方法二 res =", res)