Add bucket_sort.cpp and bucket_sort.py (#446)

codes/python/chapter_sorting/bucket_sort.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""
+File: bucket_sort.py
+Created Time: 2023-03-30
+Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
+"""
+
+def bucket_sort(nums: list[float]) -> None:
+    # 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素
+    k = len(nums) // 2
+    buckets = [[] for _ in range(k)]
+    # 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中
+    for num in nums:
+        # 输入数据范围 [0, 1)，使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]
+        i = int(num * k)
+        # 将 num 添加进桶 i
+        buckets[i].append(num)
+    # 2. 对各个桶执行排序5
+    for bucket in buckets:
+        # 使用内置排序函数，也可以替换成其它排序算法
+        bucket.sort()
+    # 3. 遍历桶合并结果
+    i = 0
+    for bucket in buckets:
+        for num in bucket:
+            nums[i] = num
+            i += 1
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    # 设输入数据为浮点数，范围为 [0, 1)
+    nums = [0.49, 0.96, 0.82, 0.09, 0.57, 0.43, 0.91, 0.75, 0.15, 0.37]
+    bucket_sort(nums)
+    print("桶排序完成后 nums =", nums)