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krahets
2024-04-03 21:49:02 +08:00
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@ -2372,7 +2372,17 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">for_loop</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1">### for 循环 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">for_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 循环求和 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
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@ -2574,7 +2584,19 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">while_loop</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="c1">### while 循环 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">while_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-4" name="__codelineno-26-4" href="#__codelineno-26-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 初始化条件变量</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-5" name="__codelineno-26-5" href="#__codelineno-26-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-26-6" name="__codelineno-26-6" href="#__codelineno-26-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 循环求和 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-7" name="__codelineno-26-7" href="#__codelineno-26-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-8" name="__codelineno-26-8" href="#__codelineno-26-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-9" name="__codelineno-26-9" href="#__codelineno-26-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 更新条件变量</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-10" name="__codelineno-26-10" href="#__codelineno-26-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-11" name="__codelineno-26-11" href="#__codelineno-26-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-26-12" name="__codelineno-26-12" href="#__codelineno-26-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-13" name="__codelineno-26-13" href="#__codelineno-26-13"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
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@ -2795,7 +2817,21 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-40-1" name="__codelineno-40-1" href="#__codelineno-40-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">while_loop_ii</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-40-1" name="__codelineno-40-1" href="#__codelineno-40-1"></a><span class="c1">### while 循环(两次更新)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-2" name="__codelineno-40-2" href="#__codelineno-40-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">while_loop_ii</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-3" name="__codelineno-40-3" href="#__codelineno-40-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-4" name="__codelineno-40-4" href="#__codelineno-40-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 初始化条件变量</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-5" name="__codelineno-40-5" href="#__codelineno-40-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-40-6" name="__codelineno-40-6" href="#__codelineno-40-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 循环求和 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-7" name="__codelineno-40-7" href="#__codelineno-40-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-8" name="__codelineno-40-8" href="#__codelineno-40-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-9" name="__codelineno-40-9" href="#__codelineno-40-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 更新条件变量</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-10" name="__codelineno-40-10" href="#__codelineno-40-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-11" name="__codelineno-40-11" href="#__codelineno-40-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-12" name="__codelineno-40-12" href="#__codelineno-40-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-13" name="__codelineno-40-13" href="#__codelineno-40-13"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-40-14" name="__codelineno-40-14" href="#__codelineno-40-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-15" name="__codelineno-40-15" href="#__codelineno-40-15"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
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@ -3008,7 +3044,20 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-54-1" name="__codelineno-54-1" href="#__codelineno-54-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">nested_for_loop</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-54-1" name="__codelineno-54-1" href="#__codelineno-54-1"></a><span class="c1">### 双层 for 循环 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-2" name="__codelineno-54-2" href="#__codelineno-54-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">nested_for_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-3" name="__codelineno-54-3" href="#__codelineno-54-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-4" name="__codelineno-54-4" href="#__codelineno-54-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-54-5" name="__codelineno-54-5" href="#__codelineno-54-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 循环 i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-6" name="__codelineno-54-6" href="#__codelineno-54-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-7" name="__codelineno-54-7" href="#__codelineno-54-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 循环 j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-8" name="__codelineno-54-8" href="#__codelineno-54-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-9" name="__codelineno-54-9" href="#__codelineno-54-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;(</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">, </span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">), &quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-10" name="__codelineno-54-10" href="#__codelineno-54-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-11" name="__codelineno-54-11" href="#__codelineno-54-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-12" name="__codelineno-54-12" href="#__codelineno-54-12"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-54-13" name="__codelineno-54-13" href="#__codelineno-54-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-14" name="__codelineno-54-14" href="#__codelineno-54-14"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -3213,7 +3262,15 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-68-1" name="__codelineno-68-1" href="#__codelineno-68-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-68-1" name="__codelineno-68-1" href="#__codelineno-68-1"></a><span class="c1">### 递归 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-68-2" name="__codelineno-68-2" href="#__codelineno-68-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-68-3" name="__codelineno-68-3" href="#__codelineno-68-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 终止条件</span>
<a id="__codelineno-68-4" name="__codelineno-68-4" href="#__codelineno-68-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-68-5" name="__codelineno-68-5" href="#__codelineno-68-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 递:递归调用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-68-6" name="__codelineno-68-6" href="#__codelineno-68-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-68-7" name="__codelineno-68-7" href="#__codelineno-68-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 归:返回结果</span>
<a id="__codelineno-68-8" name="__codelineno-68-8" href="#__codelineno-68-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-68-9" name="__codelineno-68-9" href="#__codelineno-68-9"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -3404,7 +3461,13 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-82-1" name="__codelineno-82-1" href="#__codelineno-82-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">tail_recur</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-82-1" name="__codelineno-82-1" href="#__codelineno-82-1"></a><span class="c1">### 尾递归 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-82-2" name="__codelineno-82-2" href="#__codelineno-82-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">tail_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-82-3" name="__codelineno-82-3" href="#__codelineno-82-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 终止条件</span>
<a id="__codelineno-82-4" name="__codelineno-82-4" href="#__codelineno-82-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-82-5" name="__codelineno-82-5" href="#__codelineno-82-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 尾递归调用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-82-6" name="__codelineno-82-6" href="#__codelineno-82-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tail_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-82-7" name="__codelineno-82-7" href="#__codelineno-82-7"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -3608,7 +3671,15 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-96-1" name="__codelineno-96-1" href="#__codelineno-96-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-96-1" name="__codelineno-96-1" href="#__codelineno-96-1"></a><span class="c1">### 斐波那契数列:递归 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-96-2" name="__codelineno-96-2" href="#__codelineno-96-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-96-3" name="__codelineno-96-3" href="#__codelineno-96-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 终止条件 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-96-4" name="__codelineno-96-4" href="#__codelineno-96-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-96-5" name="__codelineno-96-5" href="#__codelineno-96-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 递归调用 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-96-6" name="__codelineno-96-6" href="#__codelineno-96-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-96-7" name="__codelineno-96-7" href="#__codelineno-96-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 返回结果 f(n)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-96-8" name="__codelineno-96-8" href="#__codelineno-96-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-96-9" name="__codelineno-96-9" href="#__codelineno-96-9"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -3942,7 +4013,25 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-110-1" name="__codelineno-110-1" href="#__codelineno-110-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">for_loop_recur</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-110-1" name="__codelineno-110-1" href="#__codelineno-110-1"></a><span class="c1">### 使用迭代模拟递归 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-2" name="__codelineno-110-2" href="#__codelineno-110-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">for_loop_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-3" name="__codelineno-110-3" href="#__codelineno-110-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 使用一个显式的栈来模拟系统调用栈</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-4" name="__codelineno-110-4" href="#__codelineno-110-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-5" name="__codelineno-110-5" href="#__codelineno-110-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-6" name="__codelineno-110-6" href="#__codelineno-110-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-110-7" name="__codelineno-110-7" href="#__codelineno-110-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 递:递归调用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-8" name="__codelineno-110-8" href="#__codelineno-110-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">downto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-9" name="__codelineno-110-9" href="#__codelineno-110-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 通过“入栈操作”模拟“递”</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-10" name="__codelineno-110-10" href="#__codelineno-110-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-11" name="__codelineno-110-11" href="#__codelineno-110-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-12" name="__codelineno-110-12" href="#__codelineno-110-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 归:返回结果</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-13" name="__codelineno-110-13" href="#__codelineno-110-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">empty?</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-14" name="__codelineno-110-14" href="#__codelineno-110-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-15" name="__codelineno-110-15" href="#__codelineno-110-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-16" name="__codelineno-110-16" href="#__codelineno-110-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-110-17" name="__codelineno-110-17" href="#__codelineno-110-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-18" name="__codelineno-110-18" href="#__codelineno-110-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-110-19" name="__codelineno-110-19" href="#__codelineno-110-19"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">

View File

@ -3178,9 +3178,24 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-51-1" name="__codelineno-51-1" href="#__codelineno-51-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">function</span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-2" name="__codelineno-51-2" href="#__codelineno-51-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-51-3" name="__codelineno-51-3" href="#__codelineno-51-3"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">constant</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-51-1" name="__codelineno-51-1" href="#__codelineno-51-1"></a><span class="c1">### 函数 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-2" name="__codelineno-51-2" href="#__codelineno-51-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">function</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-3" name="__codelineno-51-3" href="#__codelineno-51-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 执行某些操作</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-4" name="__codelineno-51-4" href="#__codelineno-51-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-5" name="__codelineno-51-5" href="#__codelineno-51-5"></a><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-6" name="__codelineno-51-6" href="#__codelineno-51-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-51-7" name="__codelineno-51-7" href="#__codelineno-51-7"></a><span class="c1">### 常数阶 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-8" name="__codelineno-51-8" href="#__codelineno-51-8"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">constant</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-9" name="__codelineno-51-9" href="#__codelineno-51-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 常量、变量、对象占用 O(1) 空间</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-10" name="__codelineno-51-10" href="#__codelineno-51-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-11" name="__codelineno-51-11" href="#__codelineno-51-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10000</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-12" name="__codelineno-51-12" href="#__codelineno-51-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">ListNode</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-13" name="__codelineno-51-13" href="#__codelineno-51-13"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-51-14" name="__codelineno-51-14" href="#__codelineno-51-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-15" name="__codelineno-51-15" href="#__codelineno-51-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-16" name="__codelineno-51-16" href="#__codelineno-51-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 循环中的函数占用 O(1) 空间</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-17" name="__codelineno-51-17" href="#__codelineno-51-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-18" name="__codelineno-51-18" href="#__codelineno-51-18"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -3456,7 +3471,17 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-65-1" name="__codelineno-65-1" href="#__codelineno-65-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">linear</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-65-1" name="__codelineno-65-1" href="#__codelineno-65-1"></a><span class="c1">### 线性阶 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-65-2" name="__codelineno-65-2" href="#__codelineno-65-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">linear</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-65-3" name="__codelineno-65-3" href="#__codelineno-65-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间</span>
<a id="__codelineno-65-4" name="__codelineno-65-4" href="#__codelineno-65-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-65-5" name="__codelineno-65-5" href="#__codelineno-65-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-65-6" name="__codelineno-65-6" href="#__codelineno-65-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间</span>
<a id="__codelineno-65-7" name="__codelineno-65-7" href="#__codelineno-65-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hmap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-65-8" name="__codelineno-65-8" href="#__codelineno-65-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-65-9" name="__codelineno-65-9" href="#__codelineno-65-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hmap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_s</span>
<a id="__codelineno-65-10" name="__codelineno-65-10" href="#__codelineno-65-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-65-11" name="__codelineno-65-11" href="#__codelineno-65-11"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -3613,7 +3638,12 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-79-1" name="__codelineno-79-1" href="#__codelineno-79-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">linear_recur</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-79-1" name="__codelineno-79-1" href="#__codelineno-79-1"></a><span class="c1">### 线性阶(递归实现)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-79-2" name="__codelineno-79-2" href="#__codelineno-79-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">linear_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-79-3" name="__codelineno-79-3" href="#__codelineno-79-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">puts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;递归 n = </span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-79-4" name="__codelineno-79-4" href="#__codelineno-79-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-79-5" name="__codelineno-79-5" href="#__codelineno-79-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">linear_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-79-6" name="__codelineno-79-6" href="#__codelineno-79-6"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -3826,7 +3856,11 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-93-1" name="__codelineno-93-1" href="#__codelineno-93-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">quadratic</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-93-1" name="__codelineno-93-1" href="#__codelineno-93-1"></a><span class="c1">### 平方阶 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-93-2" name="__codelineno-93-2" href="#__codelineno-93-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">quadratic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-93-3" name="__codelineno-93-3" href="#__codelineno-93-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间</span>
<a id="__codelineno-93-4" name="__codelineno-93-4" href="#__codelineno-93-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-93-5" name="__codelineno-93-5" href="#__codelineno-93-5"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -3996,7 +4030,14 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-107-1" name="__codelineno-107-1" href="#__codelineno-107-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">quadratic_recur</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-107-1" name="__codelineno-107-1" href="#__codelineno-107-1"></a><span class="c1">### 平方阶(递归实现)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-107-2" name="__codelineno-107-2" href="#__codelineno-107-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">quadratic_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-107-3" name="__codelineno-107-3" href="#__codelineno-107-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">unless</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-107-4" name="__codelineno-107-4" href="#__codelineno-107-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-107-5" name="__codelineno-107-5" href="#__codelineno-107-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 数组 nums 长度为 n, n-1, ..., 2, 1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-107-6" name="__codelineno-107-6" href="#__codelineno-107-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-107-7" name="__codelineno-107-7" href="#__codelineno-107-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quadratic_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-107-8" name="__codelineno-107-8" href="#__codelineno-107-8"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -4167,7 +4208,15 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-121-1" name="__codelineno-121-1" href="#__codelineno-121-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">build_tree</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-121-1" name="__codelineno-121-1" href="#__codelineno-121-1"></a><span class="c1">### 指数阶(建立满二叉树)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-121-2" name="__codelineno-121-2" href="#__codelineno-121-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">build_tree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-121-3" name="__codelineno-121-3" href="#__codelineno-121-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-121-4" name="__codelineno-121-4" href="#__codelineno-121-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-121-5" name="__codelineno-121-5" href="#__codelineno-121-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">TreeNode</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">|</span>
<a id="__codelineno-121-6" name="__codelineno-121-6" href="#__codelineno-121-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">build_tree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-121-7" name="__codelineno-121-7" href="#__codelineno-121-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">build_tree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-121-8" name="__codelineno-121-8" href="#__codelineno-121-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-121-9" name="__codelineno-121-9" href="#__codelineno-121-9"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">

View File

@ -3325,7 +3325,15 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-64-1" name="__codelineno-64-1" href="#__codelineno-64-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">constant</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-64-1" name="__codelineno-64-1" href="#__codelineno-64-1"></a><span class="c1">### 常数阶 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-2" name="__codelineno-64-2" href="#__codelineno-64-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">constant</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-3" name="__codelineno-64-3" href="#__codelineno-64-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-4" name="__codelineno-64-4" href="#__codelineno-64-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100000</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-5" name="__codelineno-64-5" href="#__codelineno-64-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-64-6" name="__codelineno-64-6" href="#__codelineno-64-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-7" name="__codelineno-64-7" href="#__codelineno-64-7"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-64-8" name="__codelineno-64-8" href="#__codelineno-64-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-9" name="__codelineno-64-9" href="#__codelineno-64-9"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -3477,7 +3485,12 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-78-1" name="__codelineno-78-1" href="#__codelineno-78-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">linear</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-78-1" name="__codelineno-78-1" href="#__codelineno-78-1"></a><span class="c1">### 线性阶 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-78-2" name="__codelineno-78-2" href="#__codelineno-78-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">linear</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-78-3" name="__codelineno-78-3" href="#__codelineno-78-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-78-4" name="__codelineno-78-4" href="#__codelineno-78-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-78-5" name="__codelineno-78-5" href="#__codelineno-78-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-78-6" name="__codelineno-78-6" href="#__codelineno-78-6"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -3645,7 +3658,17 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-92-1" name="__codelineno-92-1" href="#__codelineno-92-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">array_traversal</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-92-1" name="__codelineno-92-1" href="#__codelineno-92-1"></a><span class="c1">### 线性阶(遍历数组)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-92-2" name="__codelineno-92-2" href="#__codelineno-92-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">array_traversal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-92-3" name="__codelineno-92-3" href="#__codelineno-92-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-92-4" name="__codelineno-92-4" href="#__codelineno-92-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-92-5" name="__codelineno-92-5" href="#__codelineno-92-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 循环次数与数组长度成正比</span>
<a id="__codelineno-92-6" name="__codelineno-92-6" href="#__codelineno-92-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span>
<a id="__codelineno-92-7" name="__codelineno-92-7" href="#__codelineno-92-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-92-8" name="__codelineno-92-8" href="#__codelineno-92-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-92-9" name="__codelineno-92-9" href="#__codelineno-92-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-92-10" name="__codelineno-92-10" href="#__codelineno-92-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-92-11" name="__codelineno-92-11" href="#__codelineno-92-11"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -3838,7 +3861,19 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-106-1" name="__codelineno-106-1" href="#__codelineno-106-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">quadratic</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-106-1" name="__codelineno-106-1" href="#__codelineno-106-1"></a><span class="c1">### 平方阶 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-106-2" name="__codelineno-106-2" href="#__codelineno-106-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">quadratic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-106-3" name="__codelineno-106-3" href="#__codelineno-106-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-106-4" name="__codelineno-106-4" href="#__codelineno-106-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-106-5" name="__codelineno-106-5" href="#__codelineno-106-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 循环次数与数据大小 n 成平方关系</span>
<a id="__codelineno-106-6" name="__codelineno-106-6" href="#__codelineno-106-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-106-7" name="__codelineno-106-7" href="#__codelineno-106-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-106-8" name="__codelineno-106-8" href="#__codelineno-106-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-106-9" name="__codelineno-106-9" href="#__codelineno-106-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-106-10" name="__codelineno-106-10" href="#__codelineno-106-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-106-11" name="__codelineno-106-11" href="#__codelineno-106-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-106-12" name="__codelineno-106-12" href="#__codelineno-106-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-106-13" name="__codelineno-106-13" href="#__codelineno-106-13"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -4117,7 +4152,26 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-120-1" name="__codelineno-120-1" href="#__codelineno-120-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">bubble_sort</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-120-1" name="__codelineno-120-1" href="#__codelineno-120-1"></a><span class="c1">### 平方阶(冒泡排序)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-2" name="__codelineno-120-2" href="#__codelineno-120-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">bubble_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-3" name="__codelineno-120-3" href="#__codelineno-120-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 计数器</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-4" name="__codelineno-120-4" href="#__codelineno-120-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-120-5" name="__codelineno-120-5" href="#__codelineno-120-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 外循环:未排序区间为 [0, i]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-6" name="__codelineno-120-6" href="#__codelineno-120-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">downto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-7" name="__codelineno-120-7" href="#__codelineno-120-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 内循环:将未排序区间 [0, i] 中的最大元素交换至该区间的最右端</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-8" name="__codelineno-120-8" href="#__codelineno-120-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-9" name="__codelineno-120-9" href="#__codelineno-120-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-10" name="__codelineno-120-10" href="#__codelineno-120-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 交换 nums[j] 与 nums[j + 1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-11" name="__codelineno-120-11" href="#__codelineno-120-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-12" name="__codelineno-120-12" href="#__codelineno-120-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-13" name="__codelineno-120-13" href="#__codelineno-120-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-14" name="__codelineno-120-14" href="#__codelineno-120-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 元素交换包含 3 个单元操作</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-15" name="__codelineno-120-15" href="#__codelineno-120-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-16" name="__codelineno-120-16" href="#__codelineno-120-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-17" name="__codelineno-120-17" href="#__codelineno-120-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-18" name="__codelineno-120-18" href="#__codelineno-120-18"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-120-19" name="__codelineno-120-19" href="#__codelineno-120-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-120-20" name="__codelineno-120-20" href="#__codelineno-120-20"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -4352,7 +4406,19 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-134-1" name="__codelineno-134-1" href="#__codelineno-134-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">exponential</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-134-1" name="__codelineno-134-1" href="#__codelineno-134-1"></a><span class="c1">### 指数阶(循环实现)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-134-2" name="__codelineno-134-2" href="#__codelineno-134-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">exponential</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-134-3" name="__codelineno-134-3" href="#__codelineno-134-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-134-4" name="__codelineno-134-4" href="#__codelineno-134-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-134-5" name="__codelineno-134-5" href="#__codelineno-134-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 细胞每轮一分为二,形成数列 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-134-6" name="__codelineno-134-6" href="#__codelineno-134-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span>
<a id="__codelineno-134-7" name="__codelineno-134-7" href="#__codelineno-134-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">base</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-134-8" name="__codelineno-134-8" href="#__codelineno-134-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-134-9" name="__codelineno-134-9" href="#__codelineno-134-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-134-10" name="__codelineno-134-10" href="#__codelineno-134-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-134-11" name="__codelineno-134-11" href="#__codelineno-134-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-134-12" name="__codelineno-134-12" href="#__codelineno-134-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-134-13" name="__codelineno-134-13" href="#__codelineno-134-13"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -4495,7 +4561,11 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-148-1" name="__codelineno-148-1" href="#__codelineno-148-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">exp_recur</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-148-1" name="__codelineno-148-1" href="#__codelineno-148-1"></a><span class="c1">### 指数阶(递归实现)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-148-2" name="__codelineno-148-2" href="#__codelineno-148-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">exp_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-148-3" name="__codelineno-148-3" href="#__codelineno-148-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-148-4" name="__codelineno-148-4" href="#__codelineno-148-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-148-5" name="__codelineno-148-5" href="#__codelineno-148-5"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -4664,7 +4734,17 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-162-1" name="__codelineno-162-1" href="#__codelineno-162-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">logarithmic</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-162-1" name="__codelineno-162-1" href="#__codelineno-162-1"></a><span class="c1">### 对数阶(循环实现)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-162-2" name="__codelineno-162-2" href="#__codelineno-162-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">logarithmic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-162-3" name="__codelineno-162-3" href="#__codelineno-162-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-162-4" name="__codelineno-162-4" href="#__codelineno-162-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-162-5" name="__codelineno-162-5" href="#__codelineno-162-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-162-6" name="__codelineno-162-6" href="#__codelineno-162-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-162-7" name="__codelineno-162-7" href="#__codelineno-162-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-162-8" name="__codelineno-162-8" href="#__codelineno-162-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-162-9" name="__codelineno-162-9" href="#__codelineno-162-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-162-10" name="__codelineno-162-10" href="#__codelineno-162-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-162-11" name="__codelineno-162-11" href="#__codelineno-162-11"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -4801,7 +4881,11 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-176-1" name="__codelineno-176-1" href="#__codelineno-176-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">log_recur</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-176-1" name="__codelineno-176-1" href="#__codelineno-176-1"></a><span class="c1">### 对数阶(递归实现)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-176-2" name="__codelineno-176-2" href="#__codelineno-176-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">log_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-176-3" name="__codelineno-176-3" href="#__codelineno-176-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">unless</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-176-4" name="__codelineno-176-4" href="#__codelineno-176-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">log_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-176-5" name="__codelineno-176-5" href="#__codelineno-176-5"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -4986,7 +5070,15 @@ O(\log_m n) = O(\log_k n / \log_k m) = O(\log_k n)
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-190-1" name="__codelineno-190-1" href="#__codelineno-190-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">linear_log_recur</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-190-1" name="__codelineno-190-1" href="#__codelineno-190-1"></a><span class="c1">### 线性对数阶 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-190-2" name="__codelineno-190-2" href="#__codelineno-190-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">linear_log_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-190-3" name="__codelineno-190-3" href="#__codelineno-190-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">unless</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-190-4" name="__codelineno-190-4" href="#__codelineno-190-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-190-5" name="__codelineno-190-5" href="#__codelineno-190-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">linear_log_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">linear_log_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-190-6" name="__codelineno-190-6" href="#__codelineno-190-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-190-7" name="__codelineno-190-7" href="#__codelineno-190-7"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-190-8" name="__codelineno-190-8" href="#__codelineno-190-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-190-9" name="__codelineno-190-9" href="#__codelineno-190-9"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -5187,7 +5279,16 @@ n! = n \times (n - 1) \times (n - 2) \times \dots \times 2 \times 1
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-204-1" name="__codelineno-204-1" href="#__codelineno-204-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">factorial_recur</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-204-1" name="__codelineno-204-1" href="#__codelineno-204-1"></a><span class="c1">### 阶乘阶(递归实现)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-204-2" name="__codelineno-204-2" href="#__codelineno-204-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">factorial_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-204-3" name="__codelineno-204-3" href="#__codelineno-204-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-204-4" name="__codelineno-204-4" href="#__codelineno-204-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-204-5" name="__codelineno-204-5" href="#__codelineno-204-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-204-6" name="__codelineno-204-6" href="#__codelineno-204-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 从 1 个分裂出 n 个</span>
<a id="__codelineno-204-7" name="__codelineno-204-7" href="#__codelineno-204-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">factorial_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-204-8" name="__codelineno-204-8" href="#__codelineno-204-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-204-9" name="__codelineno-204-9" href="#__codelineno-204-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-204-10" name="__codelineno-204-10" href="#__codelineno-204-10"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -5554,9 +5655,24 @@ n! = n \times (n - 1) \times (n - 2) \times \dots \times 2 \times 1
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">worst_best_time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-218-1" name="__codelineno-218-1" href="#__codelineno-218-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">random_numbers</span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-2" name="__codelineno-218-2" href="#__codelineno-218-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-218-3" name="__codelineno-218-3" href="#__codelineno-218-3"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">find_one</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">worst_best_time_complexity.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-218-1" name="__codelineno-218-1" href="#__codelineno-218-1"></a><span class="c1">### 生成一个数组,元素为: 1, 2, ..., n ,顺序被打乱 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-2" name="__codelineno-218-2" href="#__codelineno-218-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">random_numbers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-3" name="__codelineno-218-3" href="#__codelineno-218-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 生成数组 nums =: 1, 2, 3, ..., n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-4" name="__codelineno-218-4" href="#__codelineno-218-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-5" name="__codelineno-218-5" href="#__codelineno-218-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 随机打乱数组元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-6" name="__codelineno-218-6" href="#__codelineno-218-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shuffle!</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-7" name="__codelineno-218-7" href="#__codelineno-218-7"></a><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-8" name="__codelineno-218-8" href="#__codelineno-218-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-218-9" name="__codelineno-218-9" href="#__codelineno-218-9"></a><span class="c1">### 查找数组 nums 中数字 1 所在索引 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-10" name="__codelineno-218-10" href="#__codelineno-218-10"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">find_one</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-11" name="__codelineno-218-11" href="#__codelineno-218-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-12" name="__codelineno-218-12" href="#__codelineno-218-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 当元素 1 在数组头部时,达到最佳时间复杂度 O(1)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-13" name="__codelineno-218-13" href="#__codelineno-218-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 当元素 1 在数组尾部时,达到最差时间复杂度 O(n)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-14" name="__codelineno-218-14" href="#__codelineno-218-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-15" name="__codelineno-218-15" href="#__codelineno-218-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-16" name="__codelineno-218-16" href="#__codelineno-218-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-218-17" name="__codelineno-218-17" href="#__codelineno-218-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-218-18" name="__codelineno-218-18" href="#__codelineno-218-18"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
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