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# Stack and Queue
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comments: true
icon: material/stack-overflow
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# Chapter 5.   Stack and Queue
<div class="center-table" markdown>
![Stack and Queue](../assets/covers/chapter_stack_and_queue.jpg)
![Stack and Queue](../assets/covers/chapter_stack_and_queue.jpg){ class="cover-image" }
</div>
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Stacks are like stacking cats, while queues are like cats lining up.
They respectively represent the logical relationships of Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) and First-In-First-Out (FIFO).
## Chapter Contents
- [5.1 &nbsp; Stack](https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/)
- [5.2 &nbsp; Queue](https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/)
- [5.3 &nbsp; Double-ended Queue](https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/)
- [5.4 &nbsp; Summary](https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/)

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# Summary
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### Key Review
# 5.4 &nbsp; Summary
### 1. &nbsp; Key Review
- A stack is a data structure that follows the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle and can be implemented using either arrays or linked lists.
- In terms of time efficiency, the array implementation of a stack has higher average efficiency, but during expansion, the time complexity for a single push operation can degrade to $O(n)$. In contrast, the linked list implementation of a stack offers more stable efficiency.
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- A queue is a data structure that follows the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle, and it can also be implemented using either arrays or linked lists. The conclusions regarding time and space efficiency for queues are similar to those for stacks.
- A double-ended queue is a more flexible type of queue that allows adding and removing elements from both ends.
### Q & A
### 2. &nbsp; Q & A
**Q**: Is the browser's forward and backward functionality implemented with a doubly linked list?