Add the section of hash algorithm. Refactor the section of hash map. (#555)

codes/python/chapter_hashing/built_in_hash.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""
+File: built_in_hash.py
+Created Time: 2023-06-15
+Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
+"""
+
+import sys, os.path as osp
+
+sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
+from modules import *
+
+"""Driver Code"""
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    num = 3
+    hash_num = hash(num)
+    print(f"整数 {num} 的哈希值为 {hash_num}")
+
+    bol = True
+    hash_bol = hash(bol)
+    print(f"布尔量 {bol} 的哈希值为 {hash_bol}")
+
+    dec = 3.14159
+    hash_dec = hash(dec) 
+    print(f"小数 {dec} 的哈希值为 {hash_dec}")
+
+    str = "Hello 算法"
+    hash_str = hash(str)
+    print(f"字符串 {str} 的哈希值为 {hash_str}")
+
+    tup = (12836, "小哈")
+    hash_tup = hash(tup)
+    print(f"元组 {tup} 的哈希值为 {hash(hash_tup)}")
+
+    obj = ListNode(0)
+    hash_obj = hash(obj)
+    print(f"节点对象 {obj} 的哈希值为 {hash_obj}")

codes/python/chapter_hashing/simple_hash.py

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+"""
+File: simple_hash.py
+Created Time: 2023-06-15
+Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
+"""
+
+
+def add_hash(key: str) -> int:
+    """加法哈希"""
+    hash = 0
+    modulus = 1000000007
+    for c in key:
+        hash += ord(c)
+    return hash % modulus
+
+
+def mul_hash(key: str) -> int:
+    """乘法哈希"""
+    hash = 0
+    modulus = 1000000007
+    for c in key:
+        hash = 31 * hash + ord(c)
+    return hash % modulus
+
+
+def xor_hash(key: str) -> int:
+    """异或哈希"""
+    hash = 0
+    modulus = 1000000007
+    for c in key:
+        hash ^= ord(c)
+    return hash % modulus
+
+
+def rot_hash(key: str) -> int:
+    """旋转哈希"""
+    hash = 0
+    modulus = 1000000007
+    for c in key:
+        hash = (hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ ord(c)
+    return hash % modulus
+
+
+"""Driver Code"""
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    hash = add_hash("Hello 算法")
+    print(f"加法哈希值为 {hash}")
+
+    hash = mul_hash("Hello 算法")
+    print(f"乘法哈希值为 {hash}")
+
+    hash = xor_hash("Hello 算法")
+    print(f"异或哈希值为 {hash}")
+
+    hash = rot_hash("Hello 算法")
+    print(f"旋转哈希值为 {hash}")