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	feat(go/greedy): add greedy in go code (#648)
This commit is contained in:
		
							
								
								
									
										27
									
								
								codes/go/chapter_greedy/coin_change_greedy.go
									
									
									
									
									
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										27
									
								
								codes/go/chapter_greedy/coin_change_greedy.go
									
									
									
									
									
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// File: coin_change_greedy.go
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// Created Time: 2023-07-23
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// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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package chapter_greedy
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/* 零钱兑换:贪心 */
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func coinChangeGreedy(coins []int, amt int) int {
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	// 假设 coins 列表有序
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	i := len(coins) - 1
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	count := 0
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	// 循环进行贪心选择,直到无剩余金额
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	for amt > 0 {
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		// 找到小于且最接近剩余金额的硬币
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		for coins[i] > amt {
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			i--
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		}
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		// 选择 coins[i]
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		amt -= coins[i]
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		count++
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	}
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	// 若未找到可行方案,则返回 -1
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	if amt != 0 {
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		return -1
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	}
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	return count
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}
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										35
									
								
								codes/go/chapter_greedy/coin_change_greedy_test.go
									
									
									
									
									
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										35
									
								
								codes/go/chapter_greedy/coin_change_greedy_test.go
									
									
									
									
									
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// File: coin_change_greedy_test.go
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// Created Time: 2023-07-23
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// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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package chapter_greedy
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import (
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	"fmt"
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	"testing"
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)
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func TestCoinChangeGreedy(t *testing.T) {
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	// 贪心:能够保证找到全局最优解
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	coins := []int{1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100}
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	amt := 186
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	res := coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt)
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	fmt.Printf("coins = %v, amt = %d\n", coins, amt)
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	fmt.Printf("凑到 %d 所需的最少硬币数量为 %d\n", amt, res)
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	// 贪心:无法保证找到全局最优解
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	coins = []int{1, 20, 50}
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	amt = 60
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	res = coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt)
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	fmt.Printf("coins = %v, amt = %d\n", coins, amt)
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	fmt.Printf("凑到 %d 所需的最少硬币数量为 %d\n", amt, res)
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	fmt.Println("实际上需要的最少数量为 3 ,即 20 + 20 + 20")
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	// 贪心:无法保证找到全局最优解
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	coins = []int{1, 49, 50}
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	amt = 98
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	res = coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt)
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	fmt.Printf("coins = %v, amt = %d\n", coins, amt)
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	fmt.Printf("凑到 %d 所需的最少硬币数量为 %d\n", amt, res)
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	fmt.Println("实际上需要的最少数量为 2 ,即 49 + 49")
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}
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										41
									
								
								codes/go/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack.go
									
									
									
									
									
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								codes/go/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack.go
									
									
									
									
									
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// File: fractional_knapsack.go
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// Created Time: 2023-07-23
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// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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package chapter_greedy
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import "sort"
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/* 物品 */
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type Item struct {
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	w int // 物品重量
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	v int // 物品价值
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}
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/* 分数背包:贪心 */
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func fractionalKnapsack(wgt []int, val []int, cap int) float64 {
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	// 创建物品列表,包含两个属性:重量、价值
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	items := make([]Item, len(wgt))
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	for i := 0; i < len(wgt); i++ {
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		items[i] = Item{wgt[i], val[i]}
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	}
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	// 按照单位价值 item.v / item.w 从高到低进行排序
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	sort.Slice(items, func(i, j int) bool {
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		return float64(items[i].v)/float64(items[i].w) > float64(items[j].v)/float64(items[j].w)
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	})
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	// 循环贪心选择
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	res := 0.0
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	for _, item := range items {
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		if item.w <= cap {
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			// 若剩余容量充足,则将当前物品整个装进背包
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			res += float64(item.v)
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			cap -= item.w
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		} else {
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			// 若剩余容量不足,则将当前物品的一部分装进背包
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			res += float64(item.v) / float64(item.w) * float64(cap)
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			// 已无剩余容量,因此跳出循环
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			break
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		}
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	}
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	return res
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}
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										20
									
								
								codes/go/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_test.go
									
									
									
									
									
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										20
									
								
								codes/go/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_test.go
									
									
									
									
									
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// File: fractional_knapsack_test.go
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// Created Time: 2023-07-23
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// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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package chapter_greedy
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import (
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	"fmt"
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	"testing"
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)
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func TestFractionalKnapsack(t *testing.T) {
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	wgt := []int{10, 20, 30, 40, 50}
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	val := []int{50, 120, 150, 210, 240}
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	capacity := 50
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	// 贪心算法
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	res := fractionalKnapsack(wgt, val, capacity)
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	fmt.Println("不超过背包容量的最大物品价值为", res)
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}
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										28
									
								
								codes/go/chapter_greedy/max_capacity.go
									
									
									
									
									
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										28
									
								
								codes/go/chapter_greedy/max_capacity.go
									
									
									
									
									
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// File: max_capacity.go
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// Created Time: 2023-07-23
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// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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package chapter_greedy
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import "math"
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/* 最大容量:贪心 */
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func maxCapacity(ht []int) int {
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	// 初始化 i, j 分列数组两端
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	i, j := 0, len(ht)-1
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	// 初始最大容量为 0
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	res := 0
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	// 循环贪心选择,直至两板相遇
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	for i < j {
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		// 更新最大容量
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		capacity := int(math.Min(float64(ht[i]), float64(ht[j]))) * (j - i)
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		res = int(math.Max(float64(res), float64(capacity)))
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		// 向内移动短板
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		if ht[i] < ht[j] {
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			i++
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		} else {
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			j--
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		}
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	}
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	return res
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}
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										18
									
								
								codes/go/chapter_greedy/max_capacity_test.go
									
									
									
									
									
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								codes/go/chapter_greedy/max_capacity_test.go
									
									
									
									
									
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// File: max_capacity_test.go
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// Created Time: 2023-07-23
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// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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package chapter_greedy
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import (
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	"fmt"
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	"testing"
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)
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func TestMaxCapacity(t *testing.T) {
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	ht := []int{3, 8, 5, 2, 7, 7, 3, 4}
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	// 贪心算法
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	res := maxCapacity(ht)
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	fmt.Println("最大容量为", res)
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}
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										28
									
								
								codes/go/chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting.go
									
									
									
									
									
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								codes/go/chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting.go
									
									
									
									
									
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// File: max_product_cutting.go
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// Created Time: 2023-07-23
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// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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package chapter_greedy
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import "math"
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/* 最大切分乘积:贪心 */
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func maxProductCutting(n int) int {
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	// 当 n <= 3 时,必须切分出一个 1
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	if n <= 3 {
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		return 1 * (n - 1)
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	}
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	// 贪心地切分出 3 ,a 为 3 的个数,b 为余数
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	a := n / 3
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	b := n % 3
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	if b == 1 {
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		// 当余数为 1 时,将一对 1 * 3 转化为 2 * 2
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		return int(math.Pow(3, float64(a-1))) * 2 * 2
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	}
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	if b == 2 {
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		// 当余数为 2 时,不做处理
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		return int(math.Pow(3, float64(a))) * 2
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	}
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	// 当余数为 0 时,不做处理
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	return int(math.Pow(3, float64(a)))
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}
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										17
									
								
								codes/go/chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_test.go
									
									
									
									
									
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										17
									
								
								codes/go/chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_test.go
									
									
									
									
									
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// File: max_product_cutting_test.go
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// Created Time: 2023-07-23
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// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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package chapter_greedy
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import (
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	"fmt"
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	"testing"
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)
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func TestMaxProductCutting(t *testing.T) {
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	n := 58
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	// 贪心算法
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	res := maxProductCutting(n)
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	fmt.Println("最大切分乘积为", res)
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}
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