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 <h1 id="93">9.3 &nbsp; 图的遍历<a class="headerlink" href="#93" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
 <p>树代表的是“一对多”的关系，而图则具有更高的自由度，可以表示任意的“多对多”关系。因此，我们可以把树看作是图的一种特例。显然，<strong>树的遍历操作也是图的遍历操作的一种特例</strong>。</p>
 <p>图和树都都需要应用搜索算法来实现遍历操作。图的遍历方式可分为两种：「广度优先遍历 breadth-first traversal」和「深度优先遍历 depth-first traversal」。它们也常被称为「广度优先搜索 breadth-first search」和「深度优先搜索 depth-first search」，简称 BFS 和 DFS 。</p>
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 <p><strong>时间复杂度：</strong> 所有顶点都会被访问 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 次，使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(|V|)\)</span> 时间；所有边都会被访问 <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 次，使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(2|E|)\)</span> 时间；总体使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(|V| + |E|)\)</span> 时间。</p>
 <p><strong>空间复杂度：</strong> 列表 <code>res</code> ，哈希表 <code>visited</code> 顶点数量最多为 <span class="arithmatex">\(|V|\)</span> ，递归深度最大为 <span class="arithmatex">\(|V|\)</span> ，因此使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(|V|)\)</span> 空间。</p>

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