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<h1 id="122">12.2 &nbsp; 分治搜索策略<a class="headerlink" href="#122" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>我们已经学过，搜索算法分为两大类。</p>
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<p>设树的节点数量为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ，初始化每一个节点（执行一个递归函数 <code>dfs()</code> ）使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> 时间。<strong>因此总体时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></strong> 。</p>
<p>哈希表存储 <code>inorder</code> 元素到索引的映射，空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 。最差情况下，即二叉树退化为链表时，递归深度达到 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ，使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 的栈帧空间。<strong>因此总体空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></strong> 。</p>
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<h1 id="121">12.1 &nbsp; 分治算法<a class="headerlink" href="#121" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>「分治 divide and conquer」，全称分而治之，是一种非常重要且常见的算法策略。分治通常基于递归实现，包括“分”和“治”两个步骤。</p>
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@ -3580,11 +3612,73 @@ n(n - 4) &amp; &gt; 0
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<p>可以看出，<strong>分治是一种“润物细无声”的算法思想</strong>，隐含在各种算法与数据结构之中。</p>
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<h1 id="124">12.4 &nbsp; 汉诺塔问题<a class="headerlink" href="#124" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>在归并排序和构建二叉树中，我们都是将原问题分解为两个规模为原问题一半的子问题。然而对于汉诺塔问题，我们采用不同的分解策略。</p>
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<p>然而，即使僧侣们每秒钟移动一次，总共需要大约 <span class="arithmatex">\(2^{64} \approx 1.84×10^{19}\)</span> 秒，合约 <span class="arithmatex">\(5850\)</span> 亿年，远远超过了现在对宇宙年龄的估计。所以，倘若这个传说是真的，我们应该不需要担心世界末日的到来。</p>
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