Wavelet tree (#4267)

* Added the matrix_exponentiation.py file in maths directory

* Implemented the requested changes

* Update matrix_exponentiation.py

* resolve merge conflict with upstream branch

* add new line at end of file

* add wavelet_tree

* fix isort issue

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* fix variable names in wavelet_tree and correct typo

* Add type hints and variable renaming

* Update data_structures/binary_tree/wavelet_tree.py

Add doctests to placate the algorithm-bot, thanks to @cclauss.

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Move doctest to individual functions and reformat code

* Move common test array to the global scope and reuse in tests

* MMove test array to global scope and minor linting changes

* Correct the failing pytest tests

* MUse built-in list for type annotation

* Update wavelet_tree.py

* types-requests

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* Update wavelet_tree.py

* # type: ignore

* # type: ignore

* Update decrypt_caesar_with_chi_squared.py

* ,

* Update decrypt_caesar_with_chi_squared.py

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Aniruddha Bhattacharjee <aniruddha@Aniruddhas-MacBook-Air.local>

scripts/validate_solutions.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ with open(PROJECT_EULER_ANSWERS_PATH) as file_handle:
 def convert_path_to_module(file_path: pathlib.Path) -> ModuleType:
     """Converts a file path to a Python module"""
     spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(file_path.name, str(file_path))
-    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)  # type: ignore
     spec.loader.exec_module(module)  # type: ignore
     return module