Rename Project Euler directories and other dependent changes (#3300)

* Rename all Project Euler directories:

Reason:
The change was done to maintain consistency throughout the directory
and to keep all directories in sorted order.

Due to the above change, some config files had to be modified:
'problem_22` -> `problem_022`

* Update scripts to pad zeroes in PE directories

project_euler/problem_003/sol1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+"""
+Problem:
+The prime factors of 13195 are 5,7,13 and 29. What is the largest prime factor
+of a given number N?
+
+e.g. for 10, largest prime factor = 5. For 17, largest prime factor = 17.
+"""
+
+import math
+
+
+def isprime(num: int) -> bool:
+    """Returns boolean representing primality of given number num.
+    >>> isprime(2)
+    True
+    >>> isprime(3)
+    True
+    >>> isprime(27)
+    False
+    >>> isprime(2999)
+    True
+    >>> isprime(0)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Parameter num must be greater or equal to two.
+    >>> isprime(1)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Parameter num must be greater or equal to two.
+    """
+    if num <= 1:
+        raise ValueError("Parameter num must be greater or equal to two.")
+    if num == 2:
+        return True
+    elif num % 2 == 0:
+        return False
+    for i in range(3, int(math.sqrt(num)) + 1, 2):
+        if num % i == 0:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def solution(n: int = 600851475143) -> int:
+    """Returns the largest prime factor of a given number n.
+    >>> solution(13195)
+    29
+    >>> solution(10)
+    5
+    >>> solution(17)
+    17
+    >>> solution(3.4)
+    3
+    >>> solution(0)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Parameter n must be greater or equal to one.
+    >>> solution(-17)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Parameter n must be greater or equal to one.
+    >>> solution([])
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: Parameter n must be int or passive of cast to int.
+    >>> solution("asd")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: Parameter n must be int or passive of cast to int.
+    """
+    try:
+        n = int(n)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        raise TypeError("Parameter n must be int or passive of cast to int.")
+    if n <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("Parameter n must be greater or equal to one.")
+    max_number = 0
+    if isprime(n):
+        return n
+    while n % 2 == 0:
+        n //= 2
+    if isprime(n):
+        return n
+    for i in range(3, int(math.sqrt(n)) + 1, 2):
+        if n % i == 0:
+            if isprime(n / i):
+                max_number = n / i
+                break
+            elif isprime(i):
+                max_number = i
+    return max_number
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print(solution(int(input().strip())))