# [12. Integer to Roman](https://leetcode.com/problems/integer-to-roman/)


## 题目

Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: `I`, `V`, `X`, `L`, `C`, `D` and `M`.

```
Symbol       Value
I             1
V             5
X             10
L             50
C             100
D             500
M             1000
```

For example, `2` is written as `II` in Roman numeral, just two one's added together. `12` is written as `XII`, which is simply `X + II`. The number `27` is written as `XXVII`, which is `XX + V + II`.

Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not `IIII`. Instead, the number four is written as `IV`. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as `IX`. There are six instances where subtraction is used:

- `I` can be placed before `V` (5) and `X` (10) to make 4 and 9.
- `X` can be placed before `L` (50) and `C` (100) to make 40 and 90.
- `C` can be placed before `D` (500) and `M` (1000) to make 400 and 900.

Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral.

**Example 1:**

```
Input: num = 3
Output: "III"
```

**Example 2:**

```
Input: num = 4
Output: "IV"
```

**Example 3:**

```
Input: num = 9
Output: "IX"
```

**Example 4:**

```
Input: num = 58
Output: "LVIII"
Explanation: L = 50, V = 5, III = 3.
```

**Example 5:**

```
Input: num = 1994
Output: "MCMXCIV"
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
```

**Constraints:**

- `1 <= num <= 3999`

## 题目大意

通常情况下，罗马数字中小的数字在大的数字的右边。但也存在特例，例如 4 不写做 IIII，而是 IV。数字 1 在数字 5 的左边，所表示的数等于大数 5 减小数 1 得到的数值 4 。同样地，数字 9 表示为 IX。这个特殊的规则只适用于以下六种情况：

- I 可以放在 V (5) 和 X (10) 的左边，来表示 4 和 9。
- X 可以放在 L (50) 和 C (100) 的左边，来表示 40 和 90。
- C 可以放在 D (500) 和 M (1000) 的左边，来表示 400 和 900。

给定一个整数，将其转为罗马数字。输入确保在 1 到 3999 的范围内。

## 解题思路

- 依照题意，优先选择大的数字，解题思路采用贪心算法。将 1-3999 范围内的罗马数字从大到小放在数组中，从头选择到尾，即可把整数转成罗马数字。

## 代码

```go
package leetcode

func intToRoman(num int) string {
	values := []int{1000, 900, 500, 400, 100, 90, 50, 40, 10, 9, 5, 4, 1}
	symbols := []string{"M", "CM", "D", "CD", "C", "XC", "L", "XL", "X", "IX", "V", "IV", "I"}
	res, i := "", 0
	for num != 0 {
		for values[i] > num {
			i++
		}
		num -= values[i]
		res += symbols[i]
	}
	return res
}
```