添加 18 题

This commit is contained in:
YDZ
2020-08-12 20:11:32 +08:00
parent e5bd520fdd
commit d0cda0c904
72 changed files with 4008 additions and 0 deletions

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package leetcode
var roman = map[string]int{
"I": 1,
"V": 5,
"X": 10,
"L": 50,
"C": 100,
"D": 500,
"M": 1000,
}
func romanToInt(s string) int {
if s == "" {
return 0
}
num, lastint, total := 0, 0, 0
for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
char := s[len(s)-(i+1) : len(s)-i]
num = roman[char]
if num < lastint {
total = total - num
} else {
total = total + num
}
lastint = num
}
return total
}

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package leetcode
import (
"fmt"
"testing"
)
type question13 struct {
para13
ans13
}
// para 是参数
// one 代表第一个参数
type para13 struct {
one string
}
// ans 是答案
// one 代表第一个答案
type ans13 struct {
one int
}
func Test_Problem13(t *testing.T) {
qs := []question13{
question13{
para13{"III"},
ans13{3},
},
question13{
para13{"IV"},
ans13{4},
},
question13{
para13{"IX"},
ans13{9},
},
question13{
para13{"LVIII"},
ans13{58},
},
question13{
para13{"MCMXCIV"},
ans13{1994},
},
question13{
para13{"MCMXICIVI"},
ans13{2014},
},
}
fmt.Printf("------------------------Leetcode Problem 13------------------------\n")
for _, q := range qs {
_, p := q.ans13, q.para13
fmt.Printf("【input】:%v 【output】:%v\n", p.one, romanToInt(p.one))
}
fmt.Printf("\n\n\n")
}

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# [13. Roman to Integer](https://leetcode.com/problems/roman-to-integer/)
## 题目
Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: `I`, `V`, `X`, `L`, `C`, `D` and `M`.
```
Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
```
For example, two is written as `II` in Roman numeral, just two one's added together. Twelve is written as, `XII`, which is simply `X` + `II`. The number twenty seven is written as `XXVII`, which is `XX` + `V` + `II`.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not `IIII`. Instead, the number four is written as `IV`. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as `IX`. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
- `I` can be placed before `V` (5) and `X` (10) to make 4 and 9.
- `X` can be placed before `L` (50) and `C` (100) to make 40 and 90.
- `C` can be placed before `D` (500) and `M` (1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
**Example 1**:
```
Input: "III"
Output: 3
```
**Example 2**:
```
Input: "IV"
Output: 4
```
**Example 3**:
```
Input: "IX"
Output: 9
```
**Example 4**:
```
Input: "LVIII"
Output: 58
Explanation: L = 50, V= 5, III = 3.
```
**Example 5**:
```
Input: "MCMXCIV"
Output: 1994
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
```
## 题目大意
罗马数字包含以下七种字符: I V X LCD  M。
```go
字符 数值
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
```
例如, 罗马数字 2 写做 II 即为两个并列的 1。12 写做 XII 即为 X + II 。 27 写做  XXVII, 即为 XX + V + II 
通常情况下,罗马数字中小的数字在大的数字的右边。但也存在特例,例如 4 不写做 IIII而是 IV。数字 1 在数字 5 的左边,所表示的数等于大数 5 减小数 1 得到的数值 4 。同样地,数字 9 表示为 IX。这个特殊的规则只适用于以下六种情况
- I 可以放在 V (5) 和 X (10) 的左边,来表示 4 和 9。
- X 可以放在 L (50) 和 C (100) 的左边,来表示 40 和 90。 
- C 可以放在 D (500) 和 M (1000) 的左边来表示 400 和 900。
给定一个罗马数字,将其转换成整数。输入确保在 1 到 3999 的范围内。
## 解题思路
- 给定一个罗马数字,将其转换成整数。输入确保在 1 到 3999 的范围内。
- 简单题。按照题目中罗马数字的字符数值,计算出对应罗马数字的十进制数即可。
## 代码
```go
package leetcode
var roman = map[string]int{
"I": 1,
"V": 5,
"X": 10,
"L": 50,
"C": 100,
"D": 500,
"M": 1000,
}
func romanToInt(s string) int {
if s == "" {
return 0
}
num, lastint, total := 0, 0, 0
for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
char := s[len(s)-(i+1) : len(s)-i]
num = roman[char]
if num < lastint {
total = total - num
} else {
total = total + num
}
lastint = num
}
return total
}
```