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leetcode/0303.Range-Sum-Query-Immutable/README.md
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leetcode/0303.Range-Sum-Query-Immutable/README.md
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# [303. Range Sum Query - Immutable](https://leetcode.com/problems/range-sum-query-immutable/)
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## 题目
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Given an integer array nums, find the sum of the elements between indices i and j (i ≤ j), inclusive.
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**Example:**
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Given nums = [-2, 0, 3, -5, 2, -1]
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sumRange(0, 2) -> 1
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sumRange(2, 5) -> -1
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sumRange(0, 5) -> -3
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**Note:**
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1. You may assume that the array does not change.
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2. There are many calls to sumRange function.
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## 题目大意
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给定一个整数数组 nums,求出数组从索引 i 到 j (i ≤ j) 范围内元素的总和,包含 i, j 两点。
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示例:
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```
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给定 nums = [-2, 0, 3, -5, 2, -1],求和函数为 sumRange()
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sumRange(0, 2) -> 1
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sumRange(2, 5) -> -1
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sumRange(0, 5) -> -3
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```
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说明:
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- 你可以假设数组不可变。
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- 会多次调用 sumRange 方法。
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## 解题思路
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- 给出一个数组,数组里面的数都是`**不可变**`的,设计一个数据结构能够满足查询数组任意区间内元素的和。
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- 这一题由于数组里面的元素都是`**不可变**`的,所以可以用 2 种方式来解答,第一种解法是用 prefixSum,通过累计和相减的办法来计算区间内的元素和,初始化的时间复杂度是 O(n),但是查询区间元素和的时间复杂度是 O(1)。第二种解法是利用线段树,构建一颗线段树,父结点内存的是两个子结点的和,初始化建树的时间复杂度是 O(log n),查询区间元素和的时间复杂度是 O(log n)。
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