JavaScript/Graphs/BellmanFord.js

/*
The Bellman–Ford algorithm is an algorithm that computes shortest paths
from a single source vertex to all of the other vertices in a weighted digraph.
It also detects negative weight cycle.

Complexity:
    Worst-case performance O(VE)
    Best-case performance O(E)
    Worst-case space complexity O(V)

Reference:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellman–Ford_algorithm
    https://cp-algorithms.com/graph/bellman_ford.html

*/

/**
 *
 * @param graph Graph in the format (u, v, w) where
 *  the edge is from vertex u to v. And weight
 *  of the edge is w.
 * @param V Number of vertices in graph
 * @param E Number of edges in graph
 * @param src Starting node
 * @param dest Destination node
 * @returns Shortest distance from source to destination
 */
function BellmanFord (graph, V, E, src, dest) {
  // Initialize distance of all vertices as infinite.
  const dis = Array(V).fill(Infinity)
  // initialize distance of source as 0
  dis[src] = 0

  // Relax all edges |V| - 1 times. A simple
  // shortest path from src to any other
  // vertex can have at-most |V| - 1 edges
  for (let i = 0; i < V - 1; i++) {
    for (let j = 0; j < E; j++) {
      if ((dis[graph[j][0]] + graph[j][2]) < dis[graph[j][1]]) { dis[graph[j][1]] = dis[graph[j][0]] + graph[j][2] }
    }
  }
  // check for negative-weight cycles.
  for (let i = 0; i < E; i++) {
    const x = graph[i][0]
    const y = graph[i][1]
    const weight = graph[i][2]
    if ((dis[x] !== Infinity) && (dis[x] + weight < dis[y])) {
      return null
    }
  }
  for (let i = 0; i < V; i++) {
    if (i === dest) return dis[i]
  }
}

export { BellmanFord }