algorithm: catalan numbers (#1149)

Dynamic-Programming/CatalanNumbers.js

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Author: IcarusTheFly (https://github.com/IcarusTheFly)
+ * Catalan Numbers explanation can be found in the following links:
+ * Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_number
+ * Brilliant: https://brilliant.org/wiki/catalan-numbers
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @function catalanNumbers
+ * @description Returns all catalan numbers from index 0 to n
+ * @param {number} n
+ * @returns {number[]} Array with the catalan numbers from 0 to n
+ */
+
+export const catalanNumbers = (n) => {
+  if (n === 0) {
+    return [1]
+  }
+  const catList = [1, 1]
+
+  for (let i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
+    let newNumber = 0
+    for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+      newNumber += catList[j] * catList[i - j - 1]
+    }
+    catList.push(newNumber)
+  }
+
+  return catList
+}