algorithm: logarithmic square root (#1259)

* algorithm: add SquareRootLogarithmic algo and a test for it

* fix: fix spelling errors

* refactor: rename a variable "e" --> "edge"

Maths/test/SquareRootLogarithmic.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { squareRootLogarithmic } from '../SquareRootLogarithmic'
+
+describe('SquareRootLogarithmic', () => {
+  test('Finding the square root of a positive integer', () => {
+    expect(squareRootLogarithmic(4)).toEqual(2)
+    expect(squareRootLogarithmic(16)).toEqual(4)
+    expect(squareRootLogarithmic(8)).toEqual(2)
+  })
+  test('Throwing an exception', () => {
+    expect(() => squareRootLogarithmic('not a number')).toThrow()
+    expect(() => squareRootLogarithmic(true)).toThrow()
+  })
+})