feat: add determinant algorithm (#1438)

* feat: add determinant calculating algorithm

* test: add self-tests for determinant algorithm

* chore: add wikipedia info link

* fix: change initialization to zero

* fix: add error throw and general code improvements

* fix: add error try and catch

* fix: seperate the test loops of error cases

* clean up a bit

---------

Co-authored-by: Lars Müller <34514239+appgurueu@users.noreply.github.com>

Maths/test/Determinant.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import { expect } from 'vitest'
+import { determinant } from '../Determinant'
+describe('Determinant', () => {
+  test.each([
+    [
+      [
+        [8, 1, 6],
+        [1, 2, 3],
+        [4, 7, 5]
+      ],
+      -87
+    ],
+    [
+      [
+        [2, 1, 0, 2],
+        [1, 2, 4, 3],
+        [0, 4, 7, 5],
+        [4, 7, 9, 8]
+      ],
+      25
+    ],
+    [
+      [
+        [5, 9],
+        [3, 7]
+      ],
+      8
+    ],
+    [
+      [
+        [7, 5, 1, 4, 3],
+        [6, 8, 7, 9, 6],
+        [9, 8, 0, 4, 7],
+        [0, 3, 4, 7, 9],
+        [3, 6, 2, 8, 8]
+      ],
+      2476
+    ],
+    [[[23]], 23]
+  ])(
+    'Should return the determinant of the square matrix.',
+    (matrix, expected) => {
+      expect(determinant(matrix)).toEqual(expected)
+    }
+  )
+
+  test.each([
+    [
+      [
+        [1, 6],
+        [1, 2, 3],
+        [4, 7, 5]
+      ],
+      'Square matrix is required.'
+    ],
+    [[1, 3, 2, [5, 8, 6], 3], 'Input is not a valid 2D matrix.']
+  ])(
+    'Should return the error message.',
+    (matrix, expected) => {
+      expect(() => determinant(matrix)).toThrowError(expected)
+    }
+  )
+})