/**
 * This class implements a Stack using a regular array.
 * <p>
 * A stack is exactly what it sounds like. An element gets added to the top of
 * the stack and only the element on the top may be removed. This is an example
 * of an array implementation of a Stack. So an element can only be added/removed
 * from the end of the array. In theory stack have no fixed size, but with an
 * array implementation it does.
 *
 * @author Unknown
 */
public class StackArray {

    /**
     * Main method
     *
     * @param args Command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Declare a stack of maximum size 4
        StackArray myStackArray = new StackArray(4);

        // Populate the stack
        myStackArray.push(5);
        myStackArray.push(8);
        myStackArray.push(2);
        myStackArray.push(9);

        System.out.println("*********************Stack Array Implementation*********************");
        System.out.println(myStackArray.isEmpty()); // will print false
        System.out.println(myStackArray.isFull()); // will print true
        System.out.println(myStackArray.peek()); // will print 9
        System.out.println(myStackArray.pop()); // will print 9
        System.out.println(myStackArray.peek()); // will print 2
    }

    /**
     * The max size of the Stack
     */
    private int maxSize;

    /**
     * The array representation of the Stack
     */
    private int[] stackArray;

    /**
     * The top of the stack
     */
    private int top;

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param size Size of the Stack
     */
    public StackArray(int size) {
        maxSize = size;
        stackArray = new int[maxSize];
        top = -1;
    }

    /**
     * Adds an element to the top of the stack
     *
     * @param value The element added
     */
    public void push(int value) {
        if (!isFull()) { // Checks for a full stack
            top++;
            stackArray[top] = value;
        } else {
            resize(maxSize * 2);
            push(value); // don't forget push after resizing
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes the top element of the stack and returns the value you've removed
     *
     * @return value popped off the Stack
     */
    public int pop() {
        if (!isEmpty()) { // Checks for an empty stack
            return stackArray[top--];
        }

        if (top < maxSize / 4) {
            resize(maxSize / 2);
            return pop();// don't forget pop after resizing
        } else {
            System.out.println("The stack is already empty");
            return -1;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the element at the top of the stack
     *
     * @return element at the top of the stack
     */
    public int peek() {
        if (!isEmpty()) { // Checks for an empty stack
            return stackArray[top];
        } else {
            System.out.println("The stack is empty, cant peek");
            return -1;
        }
    }

    private void resize(int newSize) {
        // private int[] transferArray = new int[newSize]; we can't put modifiers here !
        int[] transferArray = new int[newSize];

        // for(int i = 0; i < stackArray.length(); i++){ the length isn't a method .
        for (int i = 0; i < stackArray.length; i++) {
            transferArray[i] = stackArray[i];
            stackArray = transferArray;
        }
        maxSize = newSize;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the stack is empty
     *
     * @return true if the stack is empty
     */
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return (top == -1);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the stack is full
     *
     * @return true if the stack is full
     */
    public boolean isFull() {
        return (top + 1 == maxSize);
    }

    /**
     * Deletes everything in the Stack
     * <p>
     * Doesn't delete elements in the array
     * but if you call push method after calling
     * makeEmpty it will overwrite previous
     * values
     */
    public void makeEmpty() { // Doesn't delete elements in the array but if you call
        top = -1;             // push method after calling makeEmpty it will overwrite previous values
    }
}