Add Hamming Distance (#3164)

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/HammingDistance.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.strings;
+
+/* In information theory, the Hamming distance between two strings of equal length 
+is the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols are different. 
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamming_distance
+*/
+public class HammingDistance {
+
+    /**
+     * calculate the hamming distance between two strings of equal length
+     *
+     * @param s1 the first string
+     * @param s2 the second string
+     * @return {@code int} hamming distance
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    public static int calculateHammingDistance(String s1, String s2) throws Exception {
+        if (s1.length() != s2.length()) {
+            throw new Exception("String lengths must be equal");
+        }
+        
+        int stringLength = s1.length();
+        int counter = 0;
+        
+        for (int i = 0; i < stringLength; i++) {
+            if (s1.charAt(i) != s2.charAt(i)) {
+                counter++;
+            }
+        }
+        return counter;
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/HammingDistanceTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.strings;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+public class HammingDistanceTest {
+    @Test
+    void testHammingDistance() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(HammingDistance.calculateHammingDistance("", ""), 0);
+        assertEquals(HammingDistance.calculateHammingDistance("java", "java"), 0);
+        assertEquals(HammingDistance.calculateHammingDistance("karolin", "kathrin"), 3);
+        assertEquals(HammingDistance.calculateHammingDistance("kathrin", "kerstin"), 4);
+        assertEquals(HammingDistance.calculateHammingDistance("00000", "11111"), 5);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testNotEqualStringLengths() {
+        Exception exception = assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> HammingDistance.calculateHammingDistance("ab", "abc"));
+        assertEquals("String lengths must be equal", exception.getMessage());
+    }
+}