Add HammingDistance algorithm (#5706)

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/HammingDistance.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.bitmanipulation;
+
+/**
+ * The Hamming distance between two integers is the number of positions at which the corresponding bits are different.
+ * Given two integers x and y, calculate the Hamming distance.
+ * Example:
+ * Input: x = 1, y = 4
+ * Output: 2
+ * Explanation: 1 (0001) and 4 (0100) have 2 differing bits.
+ *
+ * @author Hardvan
+ */
+public final class HammingDistance {
+    private HammingDistance() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the Hamming distance between two integers.
+     * The Hamming distance is the number of differing bits between the two integers.
+     *
+     * @param x The first integer.
+     * @param y The second integer.
+     * @return The Hamming distance (number of differing bits).
+     */
+    public static int hammingDistance(int x, int y) {
+        int xor = x ^ y;
+        return Integer.bitCount(xor);
+    }
+}