feat: Add BitRotate utility for circular bit rotations (#7011)

* feat: Add BitRotate utility for circular bit rotations

* feat: Add BitRotate utility for circular bit rotations

* feat: Add BitRotate utility for circular bit rotations

* fix: Remove trailing spaces and add newline at EOF

---------

Co-authored-by: Yajunesh M R <yajunesh@Yajuneshs-MacBook-Pro.local>

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/BitRotate.java

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.bitmanipulation;
+
+/**
+ * Utility class for performing circular bit rotations on 32-bit integers.
+ * Bit rotation is a circular shift operation where bits shifted out on one end
+ * are reinserted on the opposite end.
+ *
+ * <p>This class provides methods for both left and right circular rotations,
+ * supporting only 32-bit integer operations with proper shift normalization
+ * and error handling.</p>
+ *
+ * @see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_rotation">Bit Rotation</a>
+ */
+public final class BitRotate {
+
+    /**
+     * Private constructor to prevent instantiation.
+     * This is a utility class with only static methods.
+     */
+    private BitRotate() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This is a utility class and cannot be instantiated");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs a circular left rotation (left shift) on a 32-bit integer.
+     * Bits shifted out from the left side are inserted on the right side.
+     *
+     * @param value the 32-bit integer value to rotate
+     * @param shift the number of positions to rotate left (must be non-negative)
+     * @return the result of left rotating the value by the specified shift amount
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if shift is negative
+     *
+     * @example
+     * // Binary: 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000001
+     * rotateLeft(0x80000001, 1)
+     * // Returns: 3 (binary: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000011)
+     */
+    public static int rotateLeft(int value, int shift) {
+        if (shift < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Shift amount cannot be negative: " + shift);
+        }
+
+        // Normalize shift to the range [0, 31] using modulo 32
+        shift = shift % 32;
+
+        if (shift == 0) {
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        // Left rotation: (value << shift) | (value >>> (32 - shift))
+        return (value << shift) | (value >>> (32 - shift));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs a circular right rotation (right shift) on a 32-bit integer.
+     * Bits shifted out from the right side are inserted on the left side.
+     *
+     * @param value the 32-bit integer value to rotate
+     * @param shift the number of positions to rotate right (must be non-negative)
+     * @return the result of right rotating the value by the specified shift amount
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if shift is negative
+     *
+     * @example
+     * // Binary: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000011
+     * rotateRight(3, 1)
+     * // Returns: -2147483647 (binary: 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000001)
+     */
+    public static int rotateRight(int value, int shift) {
+        if (shift < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Shift amount cannot be negative: " + shift);
+        }
+
+        // Normalize shift to the range [0, 31] using modulo 32
+        shift = shift % 32;
+
+        if (shift == 0) {
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        // Right rotation: (value >>> shift) | (value << (32 - shift))
+        return (value >>> shift) | (value << (32 - shift));
+    }
+}