feat: add PatienceSort (#5288)

* feat: PatienceSort

* refactor: fix readability issues,a and redundant check

---------

Co-authored-by: alxklm <alx@alx.com>

src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/PatienceSortTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.sorts;
+
+public class PatienceSortTest extends SortingAlgorithmTest {
+    @Override
+    SortAlgorithm getSortAlgorithm() {
+        return new PatienceSort();
+    }
+}