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Add BcdConversion algorithm (#5742)
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package com.thealgorithms.bitmanipulation;
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/**
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* This class provides methods to convert between BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) and binary.
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*
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* Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each decimal digit is represented by a fixed number of binary digits, usually four or eight.
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*
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* For more information, refer to the
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* <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal">Binary-Coded Decimal</a> Wikipedia page.
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*
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* <b>Example usage:</b>
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* <pre>
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* int binary = BcdConversion.bcdToBinary(0x1234);
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* System.out.println("BCD 0x1234 to binary: " + binary); // Output: 1234
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*
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* int bcd = BcdConversion.binaryToBcd(1234);
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* System.out.println("Binary 1234 to BCD: " + Integer.toHexString(bcd)); // Output: 0x1234
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* </pre>
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*/
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public final class BcdConversion {
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private BcdConversion() {
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}
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/**
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* Converts a BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) number to binary.
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*
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* @param bcd The BCD number.
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* @return The corresponding binary number.
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*/
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public static int bcdToBinary(int bcd) {
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int binary = 0;
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int multiplier = 1;
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while (bcd > 0) {
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int digit = bcd & 0xF; // Extract the last 4 bits (one BCD digit)
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binary += digit * multiplier;
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multiplier *= 10;
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bcd >>= 4; // Shift right by 4 bits to process the next BCD digit
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}
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return binary;
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}
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/**
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* Converts a binary number to BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal).
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*
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* @param binary The binary number.
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* @return The corresponding BCD number.
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*/
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public static int binaryToBcd(int binary) {
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int bcd = 0;
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int shift = 0;
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while (binary > 0) {
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int digit = binary % 10; // Extract the last decimal digit
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bcd |= (digit << (shift * 4)); // Shift the digit to the correct BCD position
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binary /= 10; // Remove the last decimal digit
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shift++;
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}
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return bcd;
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}
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}
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