Add optimized version of DijkstraAlgorithm (#6088)

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/datastructures/graphs/DijkstraOptimizedAlgorithm.java

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.datastructures.graphs;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
+
+/**
+ * Dijkstra's algorithm for finding the shortest path from a single source vertex to all other vertices in a graph.
+ */
+public class DijkstraOptimizedAlgorithm {
+
+    private final int vertexCount;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a Dijkstra object with the given number of vertices.
+     *
+     * @param vertexCount The number of vertices in the graph.
+     */
+    public DijkstraOptimizedAlgorithm(int vertexCount) {
+        this.vertexCount = vertexCount;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes Dijkstra's algorithm on the provided graph to find the shortest paths from the source vertex to all other vertices.
+     *
+     * The graph is represented as an adjacency matrix where {@code graph[i][j]} represents the weight of the edge from vertex {@code i}
+     * to vertex {@code j}. A value of 0 indicates no edge exists between the vertices.
+     *
+     * @param graph The graph represented as an adjacency matrix.
+     * @param source The source vertex.
+     * @return An array where the value at each index {@code i} represents the shortest distance from the source vertex to vertex {@code i}.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the source vertex is out of range.
+     */
+    public int[] run(int[][] graph, int source) {
+        if (source < 0 || source >= vertexCount) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Incorrect source");
+        }
+
+        int[] distances = new int[vertexCount];
+        boolean[] processed = new boolean[vertexCount];
+        Set<Pair<Integer, Integer>> unprocessed = new TreeSet<>();
+
+        Arrays.fill(distances, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        Arrays.fill(processed, false);
+        distances[source] = 0;
+        unprocessed.add(Pair.of(0, source));
+
+        while (!unprocessed.isEmpty()) {
+            Pair<Integer, Integer> distanceAndU = unprocessed.iterator().next();
+            unprocessed.remove(distanceAndU);
+            int u = distanceAndU.getRight();
+            processed[u] = true;
+
+            for (int v = 0; v < vertexCount; v++) {
+                if (!processed[v] && graph[u][v] != 0 && distances[u] != Integer.MAX_VALUE && distances[u] + graph[u][v] < distances[v]) {
+                    unprocessed.remove(Pair.of(distances[v], v));
+                    distances[v] = distances[u] + graph[u][v];
+                    unprocessed.add(Pair.of(distances[v], v));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return distances;
+    }
+}