feat: add temperature unit conversions (#5315)

Co-authored-by: Bama Charan Chhandogi <b.c.chhandogi@gmail.com>

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/AffineConverter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.conversions;
+
+public final class AffineConverter {
+    private final double slope;
+    private final double intercept;
+    public AffineConverter(final double inSlope, final double inIntercept) {
+        slope = inSlope;
+        intercept = inIntercept;
+    }
+
+    public double convert(final double inValue) {
+        return slope * inValue + intercept;
+    }
+
+    public AffineConverter invert() {
+        assert slope != 0.0;
+        return new AffineConverter(1.0 / slope, -intercept / slope);
+    }
+
+    public AffineConverter compose(final AffineConverter other) {
+        return new AffineConverter(slope * other.slope, slope * other.intercept + intercept);
+    }
+}