Add prime factorization algorithm (#3278)

src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/PrimeFactorizationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.maths;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class PrimeFactorizationTest {
+
+	@Test
+	void testpFactorsMustReturnEmptyList() {
+		//given
+		int n = 0; 
+		
+		//then
+		assertTrue(PrimeFactorization.pfactors(n).isEmpty());
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	void testpFactorsMustReturnNonEmptyList() {
+		//given
+		int n = 198;
+		int expectedListSize = 4;
+		
+		//when
+		List<Integer> actualResultList = PrimeFactorization.pfactors(n);
+		
+		//then
+		assertEquals(expectedListSize, actualResultList.size());
+		assertEquals(2, actualResultList.get(0));
+		assertEquals(3, actualResultList.get(1));
+		assertEquals(3, actualResultList.get(2));
+		assertEquals(11, actualResultList.get(3));
+	}
+}