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/*
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* Copyright (c) 1997, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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*
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* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
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* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
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* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
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* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
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*
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* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
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* accompanied this code).
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*
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
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* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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*
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* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
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* questions.
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*/
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package java.util;
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/**
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* Doubly-linked list implementation of the {@code List} and {@code Deque}
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* interfaces. Implements all optional list operations, and permits all
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* elements (including {@code null}).
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*
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* <p>All of the operations perform as could be expected for a doubly-linked
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* list. Operations that index into the list will traverse the list from
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* the beginning or the end, whichever is closer to the specified index.
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*
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* <p><strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong>
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* If multiple threads access a linked list concurrently, and at least
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* one of the threads modifies the list structurally, it <i>must</i> be
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* synchronized externally. (A structural modification is any operation
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* that adds or deletes one or more elements; merely setting the value of
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* an element is not a structural modification.) This is typically
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* accomplished by synchronizing on some object that naturally
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* encapsulates the list.
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*
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* If no such object exists, the list should be "wrapped" using the
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* {@link Collections#synchronizedList Collections.synchronizedList}
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* method. This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental
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* unsynchronized access to the list:<pre>
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* List list = Collections.synchronizedList(new LinkedList(...));</pre>
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*
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* <p>The iterators returned by this class's {@code iterator} and
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* {@code listIterator} methods are <i>fail-fast</i>: if the list is
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* structurally modified at any time after the iterator is created, in
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* any way except through the Iterator's own {@code remove} or
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* {@code add} methods, the iterator will throw a {@link
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* ConcurrentModificationException}. Thus, in the face of concurrent
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* modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than
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* risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined
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* time in the future.
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*
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* <p>Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed
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* as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the
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* presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators
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* throw {@code ConcurrentModificationException} on a best-effort basis.
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* Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
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* exception for its correctness: <i>the fail-fast behavior of iterators
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* should be used only to detect bugs.</i>
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*
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* <p>This class is a member of the
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* <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
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* Java Collections Framework</a>.
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*
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* @author Josh Bloch
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* @see List
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* @see ArrayList
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* @since 1.2
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* @param <E> the type of elements held in this collection
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*/
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public class LinkedList<E>
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extends AbstractSequentialList<E>
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implements List<E>, Deque<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
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